Remember These Have Two Parts: Discuss Related Theories ✓ Solved

Remember These Have Two Parts1 Discuss Related Theories To The Case

Remember- these have two parts: 1. Discuss related theories to the case that you read about in this week's reading assignment. 2. Relate the theory/theories to your current practice. This case study introduces us to Mr. Duran who is a Diabetic. Mr. Duran has been told by his doctor that he must start administering insulin to control his diabetes. This creates problems for Mr. Duran who has limited vision and is very confused by the syringes and vials.

Mr. Duran will have his wife administer the insulin, however, she speaks limited English and will also need instruction. Mr. Duran is also experiencing an added stressor of losing his daughter and taking on the care of his grandchild. The two theories addressed in this case study that relate to Mr. Duran include Neuman and Orem. Neuman’s theory focuses on relieving stress to promote optimal health and balance. Neuman’s theory addresses physiological data, psychological data, sociocultural data, developmental data, spiritual data, and stress. Relieving stress will help Mr. Duran cope with his recent loss, and focus on his health.

Orem believed that to survive and thrive, human beings need constant interaction and communication. Orem developed the Self Care Deficit Model to help individuals reach their maximum self-care potential. Orem addresses education, self-care, prevention needs, environment, diet, support, and culture. Orem’s Self Care Deficit Model is applicable to Mr. Duran in his ability to manage his diabetes safely at home.

The three parts of Orem’s theory that will help guide care for Mr. Duran include self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. Mr. Duran’s deficits include his limited vision and his wife’s limited English. Self-care needs to be addressed are appropriate diet and insulin administration.

The nursing system includes teaching Mr. Duran and his wife as well as any follow-up. The nurse should set up a meeting with Mr. Duran and his wife to go over the correct administration of insulin, diet management, and discuss concerning symptoms related to hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. The nurse should be fluent in Spanish or have a Spanish interpreter during teaching so that Mr. Duran and his wife are clear on how to manage his diabetes. While discussing the plan with Mr. Duran and his wife, the nurse can assess any visual or physical deficits that his wife may have that could further impair his ability to manage his diabetes effectively.

Neuman states that stress directly affects the ability to maintain optimal health and stability. Mr. Duran has the stress of losing a child, raising a grandchild, and managing a new medication. Steps to relieve these stressors involve connecting Mr. Duran with a therapist, social worker, and home nursing assistance. A therapist could help Mr. Duran work through his emotions related to his loss as well as provide community resources and support groups.

Social work would be beneficial in helping Mr. Duran care for a young child. Home nursing care could be used until Mr. Duran and his wife feel completely comfortable managing his diabetes. In my current nursing practice, I deal with a situation similar to Mr. Duran and involves the concepts of both Neuman and Orem. I frequently admit patients who are in Diabetic Ketoacidosis. These patients require extensive teaching on how to manage their diabetes. One specific case is a teenager who has been admitted multiple times for failure to comply with her insulin and diet regimen. The patient is rebellious and non-compliant to diet and insulin administration.

To help this patient comply with care, multiple healthcare team members are required. Social work, nursing, and endocrinology work together to come up with an effective plan of care. Neuman’s theory of stress affecting care is evident in her lack of compliance. A major stressor that affects her diabetes management involves wanting to fit in with peers. To help manage this, the social worker introduced the patient to other teens also managing diabetes.

This helped with her feelings of being an outcast, and gave her an age-appropriate outlet to vent her frustrations. Orem’s theory of self-care and prevention needs are addressed by the endocrinology team. Endocrinology spoke extensively with the parents on monitoring the patient until she can be trusted to manage her care independently. Endocrinology, along with social work and nursing, developed a rewards system to motivate the patient to be proactive in her care and reach her full self-care potential.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

In analyzing the case of Mr. Duran through the lens of nursing theories, it becomes evident how theoretical frameworks can guide effective patient care. The application of Neuman's Systems Model and Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory demonstrates the importance of addressing both physiological and psychosocial factors influencing health outcomes. These theories provide comprehensive guidance in developing tailored interventions that meet the individual needs of patients, especially those facing complex challenges such as multimorbidity, sensory deficits, language barriers, and emotional stressors.

Neuman's Systems Model emphasizes the interconnectedness of physiological, psychological, sociocultural, spiritual, and developmental aspects of health, highlighting how stressors impact health stability (Neuman & Fawcett, 2011). For Mr. Duran, stress arises from multiple sources: his recent diagnosis requiring insulin management, his visual impairment complicating self-care, and the emotional burden of losing his daughter. Neuman advocates for interventions that strengthen the patient's normal defenses and reduce stressors. Connecting Mr. Duran with mental health professionals, social workers, and home health aides aligns with this model's stress-relief focus. Such support systems can bolster his resilience and promote health maintenance.

Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory complements this approach by emphasizing the importance of fostering self-care capabilities (Orem, 2001). Orem claims that individuals' ability to care for themselves is fundamental to health, and when deficits occur, nursing interventions are necessary. In Mr. Duran's case, deficits include his visual impairment and language barrier, which hinder his ability to administer insulin, understand dietary requirements, and recognize symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. The nurse's role involves education tailored to his needs, with the use of interpreters and visual aids. Teaching strategies include demonstrating insulin injection techniques, dietary planning, and symptom recognition, ensuring that Mr. Duran and his wife are empowered to manage his condition effectively at home.

The three components of Orem's theory—self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems—are operationalized to support Mr. Duran. In addressing self-care, the nurse assesses his needs for insulin administration, diet, and symptom monitoring. Recognizing the self-care deficit, the nurse develops a plan to bridge these gaps through education and supervision. The nursing system may involve wholly compensatory or partly compensatory care, with ongoing follow-up and support. These interventions promote autonomy and safety in managing diabetes and mitigate risks associated with improper insulin administration and diet adherence.

Furthermore, understanding the emotional and social dimensions of health is vital. Neuman's model underscores the significance of stress reduction in maintaining health stability. For Mr. Duran, the emotional toll of his daughter's death and the responsibilities of caring for his grandchild are significant stressors. The nurse can collaborate with social workers to facilitate access to counseling and community support groups, addressing emotional well-being and social connectedness. Counseling can serve as a stress buffer, reinforcing resilience and facilitating adherence to treatment regimens.

Similarly, in clinical practice, I have encountered patients with diabetes who exhibit poor compliance due to psychological stressors, similar to Mr. Duran’s situation. For example, adolescent patients struggling with peer acceptance often resist strict dietary regimens and insulin adherence. Applying Neuman’s stress theory, it becomes clear that psychosocial support—such as peer groups and counseling—can significantly improve compliance. Orem’s principles guide the development of educational programs that empower patients, enabling them to achieve self-care independence. Interprofessional collaboration among nurses, social workers, and endocrinologists is essential to address the multifaceted needs of such patients effectively.

The integration of these theories in practice demonstrates a holistic approach that balances physiological needs with emotional health, environmental factors, and social support systems. It underscores the importance of individualized care plans that are culturally and linguistically appropriate, recognizing that effective communication and emotional support are foundational to successful health management. Additionally, these theoretical models advocate for continuous assessment and individualized interventions, ensuring that patients are supported comprehensively in their health journeys.

References

• Neuman, B., & Fawcett, J. (2011). The Neuman systems model. Pearson.
• Orem, D. E. (2001). Nursing: Concepts of practice (6th ed.). Mosby.
• Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work (8th ed.). Elsevier Saunders.
• Pajnkihar, M., Kljakovic, G., & Vrbnjak, D. (2017). Evidence-based practice and nursing care in diabetes management. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 26(21-22), 3194–3204.
• Rodgers, B. L. (2000). Concept analysis and the development of nursing knowledge. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 32(4), 359-365.
• Alligood, M. R. (2014). Nursing theorists and their work. Mosby.
• Hopkins, C. (2012). Stress and coping in nursing. Nursing Standard, 27(29), 44–49.
• Grey M, et al. (2013). Psychosocial aspects of diabetes management. Diabetes Care, 36(9), 2584–2591.
• Fawcett, J. (2005). Perspectives on the integration of theory and research. Nursing Science Quarterly, 18(3), 272–276.
• Chang, L., et al. (2018). Culturally responsive nursing care: From theory to practice. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 8(4), 101–110.