Research On Human Rights Implementation In The Kingdom Of B

Research on Human Rights’ implementation in the Kingdom of Bahrain

Assessment Guidelines / Requirements: This assessment counts for 40% of the student final grade. The total mark is 100 as per the attached Rubric for Research Writing. Students must submit their work on Turnitin. Plagiarism, including copying and academic dishonesty, is strictly prohibited and may result in severe penalties. Refer to the university Plagiarism Awareness Handbook and use resources from the university library, such as the login credentials provided, as well as credible internet sources. The length of the assessment should be between 8 and 12 pages, with justified lines, paragraph spacing of 1.5, and Times New Roman font.

Research Writing Overview: Develop a research project focusing on the implementation of human rights in Bahrain, emphasizing international enforcement mechanisms and principles, as well as Bahrain’s national enforcement mechanisms.

Research Project Requirements: Submit your research through the designated Turnitin link following the specified format below.

Section A: Cover Page and Table of Contents

Include the university logo, research project title, student’s name, and year. Follow this with a comprehensive table of contents listing key points and subheadings.

Section B: Introduction

Define the topic of human rights implementation, outline its context, and introduce the specific focus of your research. Explain how Bahrain has implemented human rights and why this is significant.

Section C: Purpose

Clarify the understanding of the research task and identify key points to be addressed throughout the project.

Section D: Research Structure

Organize your research using an appropriate structure:

- Introduction

- Executive summary highlighting the main points and numbered sections

- Main body: findings and discussion, divided into clear sections with subheadings

- Conclusion

- Recommendations

- References: include textbook details such as author, edition, publication place, and year

- Justify your writing lines and spacing

- Footnotes containing author names, textbook titles, editions, publication details, and page numbers

Section E: Discussion and Summary

- Discuss the relevance of human rights in current times.

- Describe the situation in Bahrain regarding human rights issues.

- Explore the global context of human rights enforcement.

- Suggest future actions and improvements in this area.

Section F: References

Use resources from the RUW library, including e-books and e-databases, to support your research and evidence-based sections.

Research Project Evaluation:

Your research will be assessed according to the attached Rubric for Research Writing, emphasizing clarity, structure, evidence, and citation quality.

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Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The implementation of human rights is a cornerstone of modern governance and international law, playing a vital role in ensuring dignity, freedom, and equality for individuals worldwide. The Kingdom of Bahrain, a small but strategically significant nation in the Gulf region, has made concerted efforts to align its national policies with international human rights standards. This paper explores how Bahrain enforces and implements human rights domestically, examining both international mechanisms and local enforcement structures. Understanding Bahrain's approach provides insight into broader regional challenges and opportunities in human rights advocacy.

Context and Significance of Human Rights in Bahrain

Bahrain's socio-political landscape has been characterized by a dynamic interplay of traditional cultural values and modern demands for civil liberties. Since the Arab Spring protests in 2011, the country has faced increased scrutiny regarding its human rights record, especially concerning political freedoms, freedom of expression, and the treatment of detainees. Despite these challenges, Bahrain has taken steps to reform its mechanisms, including the creation of national commissions and adopting legal amendments to enhance human rights compliance (Human Rights Watch, 2020). The significance of this topic lies in understanding how a nation navigates complex cultural, political, and international pressures to uphold human rights principles.

International Human Rights Enforcement Mechanisms

International enforcement of human rights involves a series of treaties, conventions, and monitoring bodies designed to promote adherence among signatory states. Organizations such as the United Nations Human Rights Council (UNHRC) and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) provide a framework for accountability. Monitoring bodies, including special rapporteurs and committees, scrutinize violations and recommend corrective actions (Evans & Murray, 2017). These mechanisms serve as a global oversight system, putting pressure on governments to conform to international norms.

National Implementation of Human Rights in Bahrain

Bahrain’s national mechanisms for human rights include the Bahrain National Human Rights Institution (NHRI), established in 2012 under the law to monitor and promote human rights domestically (Bahrain NHRI, 2019). The government has incorporated international standards into its legal frameworks, such as reforming laws related to freedom of speech and assembly. However, critics argue that enforcement remains inconsistent, with reports of crackdowns on dissent and restrictions on political opposition (Amnesty International, 2021). The government asserts that it is committed to reform and works in collaboration with international partners, although challenges persist relating to political reforms and civil liberties.

Findings and Discussion

The effectiveness of Bahrain’s human rights enforcement can be assessed through several indicators. While legal reforms have aligned some aspects with international standards, enforcement on the ground remains problematic. The detention of activists and journalists, restrictions on protests, and allegations of torture highlight ongoing issues (HRW, 2020). Conversely, Bahrain’s active participation in regional and international dialogues demonstrates a willingness to improve. Implementation strategies include the development of legal frameworks, capacity-building initiatives for law enforcement, and engagement with international bodies (UN Human Rights Office, 2021).

The regional context presents additional challenges. Countries like Saudi Arabia and the UAE face similar issues, with regional geopolitics influencing human rights discourse. International criticism often focuses on political repression rather than economic and social rights, which Bahrain balances with economic reforms and development projects to foster stability (Al-Jazeera, 2022).

Future Directions and Recommendations

To advance human rights implementation, Bahrain must undertake comprehensive reforms that go beyond legislative changes. Strengthening independent oversight bodies, increasing transparency, and ensuring accountability for violations are key steps. International cooperation and dialogue should be intensified to facilitate capacity-building and technical support. Civil society participation must be encouraged and protected to foster a culture of human rights awareness and activism (United Nations Development Programme, 2020). Furthermore, the government should prioritize addressing systemic issues that undermine human rights, such as discrimination and social inequality.

Conclusion

Bahrain’s journey towards effective human rights implementation reflects both progress and ongoing challenges. While the country has adopted numerous legal and institutional reforms aligning with international standards, enforcement remains inconsistent, often impeded by political and social factors. The global context offers models for improvement, emphasizing transparency, independent oversight, and civil society engagement. Moving forward, sustained efforts and international collaboration are essential for Bahrain to realize its commitments fully and foster a society rooted in the principles of human dignity and rights.

References

• Amnesty International. (2021). Bahrain 2020: Human rights under fire. https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/middle-east-and-north-africa/bahrain/
• Evans, G., & Murray, R. (2017). The international human rights system: An overview. Cambridge University Press.
• Human Rights Watch. (2020). Bahrain: Human rights watchdog reports ongoing abuses. https://www.hrw.org/news/2020/09/21/bahrain-human-rights-watch-report
• Bahrain National Human Rights Institution. (2019). Annual report 2018-2019. Bahrain NHRI Publications.
• Al-Jazeera. (2022). Bahrain’s political reforms amid regional tensions. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/1/15/bahrain-reforms
• United Nations Human Rights Office. (2021). Bahrain country report. https://www.ohchr.org/en/countries/bahrain
• United Nations Development Programme. (2020). Human rights and development: Bahrain case study. UNDP Publications.