Research Project Annotated Bibliography Question Athletes Ha

Research Project Annotated Bibliographyquestion Athletes Have Reporte

Research Project Annotated Bibliography Question: Athletes have reported not being able to get back to their physical activity level before contracting Covid-19 due to an energy deficit months after recovery. How does the Covid-19 virus affect aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? Annotated 1 Santos, Pà³voa, P., Paixà£o, P., Mendonà§a, A., & Taborda-Barata, L. (2021). Changes in Glycolytic pathway in SARS-COV 2 Infection and Their Importance in Understanding the Severity of COVID-19. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 685196–685196. “Changes in Glycolytic Pathway…” analyzes how SARS-CoV-2 dysregulates the immune system and alters glucose metabolism. Due to the lack of oxygen supply, ATP production via the electron transport chain is reduced and cells can only rely on the glycolytic pathway, going into hyperglycolysis. Although still ongoing, new research is finding a correlation between hyperglycolysis, dysregulation of the immune system, and cellular damage. This article explained what happens during aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and how contracting the coronavirus affects them. Although published in a chemistry journal, it’s easy to read and understand. This article was just published recently and involved authors from health sciences and universities in Portugal, reviewed by international institutions, making it a credible source. However, it lacks detailed methodology on how conclusions were reached.

Research Project Annotated Bibliography Question: Athletes have reported not being able to get back to their physical activity level before contracting Covid-19 due to an energy deficit months after recovery. How does the Covid-19 virus affect aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? Annotated 2 Keller, Josh. "How Long Covid Exhausts the Body: [Science Desk]." New York Times, Feb 22, 2022. ProQuest. “How Long Covid Exhausts the Body” explains that long covid is difficult to diagnose, presents a wide array of symptoms, and affects immune regulation. It estimates that 10-30% of infected individuals develop long-term symptoms, including disrupted immune responses that cause symptoms throughout the body. The article discusses possible mechanisms like persistent viral parts in tissues, autoantibody attacks, chronic inflammation reactivating dormant viruses, and blood clots blocking oxygen delivery, all contributing to fatigue and metabolic strain. It references studies on circulation problems, cytokine activity damaging mitochondria, lung microclots, and reduced oxygen uptake despite normal imaging. The article, published recently in the New York Times, highlights ongoing research into long covid’s impact on metabolism and physical capacity. Its significance lies in illustrating the multi-system pathology underlying post-viral fatigue and challenges in diagnosis, reflecting the current understanding of long covid’s complexities.

Paper For Above instruction

The COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected individuals worldwide, notably athletes who rely heavily on optimal metabolic function for peak performance. Recent research indicates that SARS-CoV-2 disrupts both aerobic and anaerobic metabolic pathways, leading to persistent fatigue and energy deficits long after recovery. These disruptions are critical for understanding the prolonged decline in physical capacity observed among athletes during the post-acute phase of COVID-19. Analyzing these effects requires examining scientific studies that detail the virus’s impact on cellular metabolism, immune dysregulation, and energy production processes.

The study by Santos et al. (2021) explores how SARS-CoV-2 alters glycolytic pathways, emphasizing the virus's influence on cellular energy metabolism. The authors, primarily based in Portugal, bring together expertise from health sciences and academic research to elucidate the biochemical shifts induced by COVID-19. They explain that due to impaired oxygen delivery caused by the infection, cells shift from oxidative phosphorylation to hyperglycolysis, an anaerobic process. This shift results in excessive glycolytic activity, which is associated with immune dysregulation and cellular damage. The article clarifies the distinctions between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, providing insight into how COVID-19 skews these energy pathways. Although published recently, the article's lack of detailed methodological data limits its comprehensiveness, but it remains a credible and informative source for understanding biochemical alterations during COVID-19.

The significance of this research lies in revealing the biochemical basis for prolonged fatigue experienced by COVID-19 survivors, especially athletes striving to regain pre-infection physical performance. Long-term symptoms, such as energy deficits, are linked to metabolic dysregulation, which hampers efficient energy production in muscle and other tissues vital for athletic activity. Santos et al. (2021) demonstrate that the virus’s impact on glycolytic pathways contributes to a state of hyperglycolysis, which may lead to cellular stress and immune system dysfunction. This phenomenon explains why some athletes report persistent exhaustion despite clinical recovery. Understanding the biochemical mechanisms provides essential insights into the potential treatment and recovery strategies, emphasizing the importance of metabolic assessment in post-COVID rehabilitation programs.

Complementing this biochemical perspective, Keller (2022) in the New York Times offers a broader view of long COVID’s systemic effects. The article discusses how persistent symptoms, such as fatigue, breathlessness, and cognitive impairments, are linked to ongoing immune dysregulation, blood flow abnormalities, and mitochondrial damage. Keller emphasizes that long COVID affects various organ systems, including the circulatory and nervous systems, which are crucial for athletic performance. The article cites recent studies showing that even patients without apparent lung damage exhibit reduced oxygen uptake and microvascular abnormalities, highlighting the complex, multi-system nature of post-COVID sequelae. These systemic effects further complicate athletes’ recovery, as they involve underlying metabolic and vascular issues beyond the biochemical shifts described by Santos et al.

In terms of broader historical context, these sources reflect the unprecedented scope of COVID-19’s impact on human health during the early 21st century. The rapid dissemination of scientific findings and media reports illustrates a collective effort to understand the virus’s lingering effects in real time. Santos et al.’s biochemical focus signifies an initial shift toward understanding COVID-19 at the cellular level, which is critical for developing targeted therapies. Keller’s journalistic synthesis underscores how long COVID has challenged traditional diagnostic paradigms, exposing gaps in medical knowledge about post-viral syndromes. The pandemic has highlighted the importance of systemic health assessment and personalized medicine, especially for vulnerable populations such as athletes, whose physical capabilities are intricately tied to metabolic health. These studies encapsulate a historic moment of scientific and societal adaptation to an emerging global health crisis, emphasizing the importance of robust research during a rapidly evolving health emergency.

References

• Santos, P., Paixão, P., Mendonça, A., & Taborda-Barata, L. (2021). Changes in Glycolytic pathway in SARS-COV 2 Infection and Their Importance in Understanding the Severity of COVID-19. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 685196. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2021.685196
• Keller, Josh. (2022, February 22). How Long Covid Exhausts the Body: [Science Desk]. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com
• Crameri, G., Bielecki, M., Züst, R., Buehrer, T. W., Stanga, Z., & Deuel, J. W. (2020). Reduced maximal aerobic capacity after COVID-19 in young adult recruits, Switzerland, May 2020. Euro Surveillance, 25(36). https://doi.org/xxxxxx