Respond To The Following In 50 To 75 Words Each

Respondto The Following In 50 To 75 Words Each1 Describe The Followi

Describe the following perspectives of development of the self: (a) Cooley’s Looking Glass Self emphasizes that individuals develop self-identity through how they believe others perceive them, shaping their self-image based on social interactions. (b) Mead’s Role Taking theory posits that children learn to understand others’ perspectives by imagining themselves in their roles, which facilitates the development of the self through social experience. (c) Piaget’s Development of Reasoning outlines how children progress through stages of cognitive development, acquiring increasingly sophisticated logical and reasoning skills that influence their self-concept and understanding of the world.

What role does socialization take in personality, morality, emotions, and gender? Various agents of socialization such as family, peers, schools, media, and religion contribute significantly. Family influences early personality and morality; peers impact social skills and gender roles; schools teach social norms and values; media shapes perceptions of gender and morality; and religion influences moral development and emotional regulation. Thinkers like Eckman, Freud, and Kohlberg explain how emotions, morality, and personality are formed through social interactions and internal psychological processes.

Describe how socialization occurs in each of the following developmental periods: (a) Childhood (birth to age 12) involves primary socialization through family, where basic norms, language, and behaviors are learned. (b) Adolescence (ages 13-17) is characterized by secondary socialization via peers, schools, and media, shaping identity and independence. (c) Transitional Adulthood (ages 18-29) involves developing personal and professional identities, often influenced by higher education, careers, and relationships. (d) The Middle Years (ages 30-65) include two stages: early middle age focusing on career stability, and late middle age emphasizing family roles and self-assessment. (e) The Older Years (ages 65 and above) are divided into early and late old age, focusing on retirement, reflection, and adapting to physical and cognitive changes.

Different societies have different social structures, which refer to the organized pattern of social relationships and institutions that define a society’s ways of functioning. Components contributing to the macro-sociological perspective include social institutions (family, education, religion, economy), social stratification (class, caste, hierarchy), roles and status, norms, and laws. These elements shape social behavior and societal organization, creating distinct social systems within various cultures and communities.

References

• Charon, J. M. (2012). Symbolic Interactionism: An Introduction, an Interpretation, an Integration. Pearson.
• Giddens, A. (2013). Sociology. Polity Press.
• Henslin, J. M. (2015). Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach. Pearson.
• Mead, G. H. (1934). Mind, Self, and Society. University of Chicago Press.
• Piaget, J. (1952). The Origins of Intelligence in Children. International Universities Press.
• Ebaugh, H. R. F. (2004). Becoming an Ex: The Process of Role Exit. University of Chicago Press.
• Cooley, C. H. (1902). Human Nature and the Social Order. Scribner.
• Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on Moral Development. Harper & Row.
• Freud, S. (1923). The Ego and the Id. International Universities Press.
• Ekman, P. (2003). Emotions Revealed. Times Books.