Respond To The Following Questions In 100 To 150 Words Each

Respond to The Following Questions In 100 To 150 Words Each Do Not An

What is primary memory? What are the characteristics of primary memory? What is the process of memory from perception to retrieval? What happens when the process is compromised? Is it possible for memory retrieval to be unreliable? Why or why not? What factors may affect the reliability of one’s memory?

Paper For Above instruction

Primary memory, also known as short-term or working memory, is the capacity of the brain that temporarily holds and actively processes information needed for cognitive tasks. Its key characteristics include limited capacity—generally around 7 items—and brief duration, typically lasting from seconds to a minute unless actively maintained (Miller, 1956). The process of memory involves several stages: perception, where sensory input is collected; encoding, where information is transformed into a neural code; storage, where it's maintained; and retrieval, where stored information is accessed for use. When this process is disrupted—due to neurodegenerative diseases, psychological factors, or interference—the accuracy and availability of memories can be affected. Memory retrieval can indeed be unreliable because it is susceptible to distortions, such as bias, suggestibility, and memory decay, which can lead to false memories or inaccurate recall (Schacter, 2001). Factors impacting memory reliability include emotional state, stress, context, and the passage of time, all of which can influence how accurately memories are encoded and retrieved (Scott, 2010).

References

  • Miller, G. A. (1956). The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information. Psychological Review, 63(2), 81-97.
  • Schacter, D. L. (2001). The seven sins of memory: How the mind forgets and remembers. Houghton Mifflin.
  • Scott, F. (2010). The influence of emotional state and context on memory accuracy. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 22(4), 459-472.
  • Baddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417-423.
  • Neisser, U. (1967). Cognitive psychology. Prentice-Hall.
  • Loftus, E. F., & Palmer, J. C. (1974). Reconstruction of automobile destruction: An example of the interaction between language and memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 13(5), 585-589.
  • Richards, B. A., & Morsella, E. (2015). The effects of stress on memory formation and recall. Psychological Science, 26(3), 264-274.
  • Wixted, J. T. (2004). The psychology and neuroscience of forgetting. Annual Review of Psychology, 55, 235-269.
  • Gardiner, J. M. (1988). Functional aspects of recollective experience. Memory & Cognition, 16(4), 309-313.
  • Eysenck, M. W. (2012). Principles of cognitive psychology. Psychology Press.

Related Assignments