Respond To The Two Classmates In 175 Words

Respond To The Two Classmates In A 175 Word Count

Tina Sanchez

Hello Tina, I appreciate your insights into the advantages of interviews over questionnaires. You rightly pointed out that interviews allow one to observe non-verbal cues, which can provide significant emotional and mental context that written responses might lack. This ability to gauge body language and emotional states indeed enhances the depth of understanding a respondent's true feelings and attitudes, often leading to more accurate data collection. Additionally, the flexibility of interviews allows for exploring other relevant topics, fostering a more personal connection that can elicit richer responses. In scenarios such as psychological assessments, counseling, or qualitative research exploring deeply personal experiences, interviews are particularly advantageous (Cohen & Crabtree, 2006). While questionnaires are efficient for large-scale data collection, their lack of personal interaction can limit depth. Overall, choosing between interviews and questionnaires depends on the research goals—interviews excel when detailed, nuanced data is essential.

Paper For Above instruction

In qualitative research, selecting the appropriate data collection method is essential to gather rich, meaningful information. Interviews are a crucial tool that offer advantages over structured questionnaires, particularly through the ability to observe non-verbal communication and emotional cues that can reveal underlying feelings or attitudes (Creswell & Poth, 2017). Non-verbal cues such as facial expressions, gestures, and body language can significantly influence the interpretation of responses, providing insights that words alone may not express. This adds a layer of depth to data collection, enhancing the validity of findings especially when exploring sensitive or complex issues. Interviews also afford researchers greater flexibility, enabling them to probe further, clarify responses, and explore emergent themes, which structured questionnaires cannot easily accommodate (Kvale & Brinkmann, 2009). Conversely, questionnaires are ideal for large samples and quantitative analyses, but they lack the personal interaction that can uncover nuanced perspectives. Therefore, the choice of interview or questionnaire depends on research aims—interviews are particularly beneficial for understanding subjective experiences and emotional states, making them invaluable in fields like psychology, social work, and healthcare.

References

• Cohen, D., & Crabtree, B. (2006). Qualitative research guidelines project. Robert Wood Johnson Foundation.
• Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2017). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
• Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Sage.
• Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative research & evaluation methods: Integrating theory and practice. Sage Publications.
• Seidman, I. (2019). Interviewing as qualitative research: A guide for researchers in education and the social sciences. Teachers College Press.
• Rubin, H. J., & Rubin, I. S. (2012). Qualitative interviewing: The art of hearing data. Sage Publications.
• DiCicco-Bloom, B., & Crabtree, B. F. (2006). The qualitative research interview. Medical Education, 40(4), 314-321.
• Alvesson, M., & Deetz, S. (2000). Doing critical management research. Sage Publications.
• Liamputtong, P. (2011). Qualitative research methods. Oxford University Press.
• Bloor, M., Frankland, J., Thomas, M., & Robson, K. (2001). Focus groups in social research. Sage Publications.

Respond To The Two Classmates In A 175 Word Count

Jenny Parden

Hi Jenny, your recounting of the Tuskegee Syphilis Study underscores how unethical research practices can have lasting detrimental effects. The lack of informed consent, deception, and withholding treatment highlight profound violations of ethical standards, which continue to influence research ethics today (Resnik, 2015). This historical example emphasizes the importance of adhering to ethical guidelines such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice, essential components incorporated in Institutional Review Boards (IRBs). The Tuskegee Study also exemplifies how systemic racism can shape research priorities and practices, exposing vulnerable populations to harm without their knowledge or benefit (Lemke & Carrington, 2017). The acknowledgment of such atrocities prompts ongoing efforts to ensure research is conducted ethically, with participant welfare at the forefront. Moreover, understanding this dark chapter in history fosters awareness of the importance of informed consent and ethical oversight, which protect individuals against exploitation. The Tuskegee Study remains a stark reminder of why ethics are integral to credible research.

Paper For Above instruction

The Tuskegee Syphilis Study serves as a stark illustration of ethical violations in biomedical research, highlighting the essential need for rigorous ethical standards to protect participants. Conducted between 1932 and 1972, the study involved deception and the failure to obtain informed consent from African American men diagnosed with syphilis, who were deliberately left untreated to observe disease progression (Jones, 1993). The unethical procedures involved exploiting vulnerable populations and prioritizing research objectives over participant well-being, violating foundational ethical principles (Resnik, 2015). The consequences of this study were devastating, fostering mistrust toward medical research among African American communities that persists today. Ethical oversight has since become a cornerstone of research, with Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) playing a critical role in safeguarding participants’ rights (Lemke & Carrington, 2017). The Tuskegee Study underscores the importance of ethical conduct, informed consent, and justice in research, reminding scholars and practitioners of the moral obligations owed to research subjects, especially marginalized populations.

References

• Jones, J. H. (1993). Bad blood: The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932–1972. Free Press.
• Lemke, J. L., & Carrington, N. (2017). Ethics in clinical research. Journal of Research Administration, 48(1), 91-104.
• Resnik, D. B. (2015). The ethics of research with human subjects: Protecting participants in biomedical research. Springer.
• Harper, S., & Chadwick, R. (2019). Ethical issues in research: Historical perspectives. Journal of Medical Ethics, 45(7), 453-456.
• Shadduck-Hernandez, J., & Ayele, N. (2020). Historical unethical research studies and their impact on current practices. Ethics & Medicine, 36(3), 167-175.
• Bell, J. (2018). Research ethics: A philosophical guide to the responsible conduct of research. Routledge.
• Goldenberg, D. (2020). The evolution of research ethics: From Tuskegee to modern IRBs. Journal of Ethics in Research, 2(1), 15-30.
• Smith, R. (2014). Protecting research participants: Historical lessons. Bioethical Inquiry, 1(2), 123-135.
• Corbie-Smith, G., et al. (2003). Trust, participation, and research ethics. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 14(2), 177-188.
• DeVries, R., & Schroder, J. (2018). Ethical controversies and milestones in research. Advances in Medical Ethics, 9, 55-72.