Retirement Planning Worksheet FP/100 Version X 1

ABC/123 Version X 1 Retirement Planning Worksheet FP/100 Version

Complete Parts I and II of the Retirement Planning Worksheet. Part I: Retirement Planning 1. Estimate your retirement income at: You will be asked to answer six questions. If you are unsure of what the fields are, the definitions are below on the same page. There are some assumptions about how much your investments will earn, inflation rates and tax rate; you can edit these to see how they impact the calculation. · Based on your inputs, what is your estimated monthly retirement income before tax/inflation? $1,055 · Based on your inputs, what is your estimated monthly retirement income after tax/inflation? $. Determine how your current retirement strategy will provide for retirement income at: . You will be asked to answer eight questions. If you are unsure of what the fields are, the definitions are below on the same page. There are some assumptions about how much your investments will earn, inflation rates, and if Social Security income is considered; you can edit these to see how they impact the calculation. · Based on your inputs, how much will you have saved using your current strategy? At what age are your savings expected to run out? $275,187. Retirement runs out at age 70. · Assume your savings will not be sufficient to cover your living expenses. In at least 100 words, what steps can you take now and/or in retirement to live comfortably in retirement? Well to say the least, I would have to save more money over my time before retirement. Whether that savings comes from just a normal savings account or investments. There are a lot of ways of investing, a couple traditional ways are investing in CD’s or IRA’s. I am currently working for the county and am meeting with a retirement specialist next Tuesday. She explained that one of the easiest ways for a younger person to become a millionaire is, a small deposit made consistently over a long period of time. She explained that if she had saved just $100 dollars a month from the time she was 19 years old until her retirement age, she would have over a million dollars. I need to start making those small recurring deposits into either a retirement savings account or invest some money. Tax season is a good time to invest but most Americans just spend the money and in less than a month they are broke again. So I would say I need to manage my money better and invest. 3. Forecast when you could become a millionaire at: You will be asked to answer four questions. If you are unsure of what the fields are, the definitions are below on the same page. · How long will it take you to reach $1 million in savings? If I can manage to save just over $5,000 a year from now until I am 75 years old, it would take me 34 years. · Thinking of what your life might be like in retirement, would $1 million be sufficient to support yourself? (Some things to consider would be your health, where you live, and how much money you owe.) In at least 100 words explain why or why not? Of course I could live off of $1 million dollars, I am a very reasonable man and don’t overspend on material things very often. Inflation will surely rise and things will change but I could live and get by with $1 million. I would have to budget and continue investing but it is doable. To completely retire at 75 for me is not set in stone as there are many people now a days still working at that age. There are many variables that will effect my savings and earnings between now and then so to say it is feasible is not far fetched. Like I stated in one of my answers above, repeated small deposits over a long period of time is the easiest way to become a millionaire. 4. Define the differences between a 401K and Roth IRA in at least 50 words. The basic difference between a 401K and a Roth IRA is how you are taxed or how the taxes on each investment work. On a traditional 401K you make deposits pre-tax and the taxes are deferred. You are not taxed on those investments until you decide to withdraw on that investment/account. With a Roth IRA it is kind of the opposite, you are taxed up front on the investment. 5. Determine whether a Roth IRA or traditional IRA will lead to higher earnings. Input your current age, estimated age at retirement, annual salary, and annual IRA contribution you expect to make in this calculator. Click View Report to understand how the results were calculated. · Provide a summary of the results. Would a Roth IRA or traditional IRA lead to higher earnings based on your inputs? For me a traditional IRA would give me more return on my investment. A traditional IRA might be worth $16,995 more than a Roth IRA would. · Change the inputs in the calculator to see different scenarios. Provide one scenario/combination of inputs in which the Roth IRA leads to higher earnings than a traditional IRA, and summarize the main reason provided in the report for why this is so. Then, provide one scenario/combination of inputs in which the traditional IRA leads to higher earnings than a Roth IRA, and summarize the main reason provided in the report for why this is so. Response should be at least 50 words. Part II: Note to Self After reviewing the information provided above, write a brief, summative “Note to Self” regarding how you should plan for your future retirement. How will you use what you have learned in this course to plan ahead, and how will the answers you entered above factor in? Responses should be between 260 to 350 words. 1 Leadership Ethics Chapter 13 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Overview Leadership Ethics Perspective Practical Ethical Theory Ethical Theories Principles of Ethical Leadership Diverse Ethical Perspectives How Does the Leadership Ethical Perspective Work? 3 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Description Definition and Theory Ethics Is a derivative of the Greek word ethos, meaning customs, conduct, or character Is concerned with the kinds of values and morals an individual or society ascribes as desirable or appropriate Focuses on the virtuousness of individuals and their motives Example: Journalists’ respect for others, professional duty, concern for harm, proactive social engagement (Plaisance, Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 4 Development of ethocal theory goes back to Plato and Aristotle. Practical Ethical Theory Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Level 1. Pre-conventional morality Stage 1--Obedience and Punishment: Rules are fixed and handed down by authority Stage 2--Individualism and Exchange: An action is right if it serves the individual Level 2. Conventional morality Stage 3--Interpersonal Accord and Conformity: Conforming to the expectations of others 5 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Stage 4--Maintaining the Social Order: Moral decisions show concern for society as a whole Level 3. Post-conventional Morality Stage 5--Social Contract and Individual Rights: Moral decisions based on what a good society should be like Stage 6--Universal Principles: Moral decisions based on internalized universal principles of justice that apply to everyone 6 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Ethics Defined 7 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Add table Table 13.1: Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development 7 Leadership Ethics Description Definition and Theory Ethical Theory Provides a system of rules or principles as a guide in making decisions about what is right/wrong and good/bad in a specific situation Provides a basis for understanding what it means to be a morally decent human being 8 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 8 Development of ethocal theory goes back to Plato and Aristotle. Ethical Theories Two Broad Domains: Theories about leaders’ conduct and about leaders’ character 9 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 9 Table 13.2: Domains of Ethical Theories Ethical Theories 10 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 10 Figure 13.1: Ethical Theories Based on Self-Interest Versus Interest for Others Ethical Theories Based on Self-Interest Versus Interest for Others Ethical Theories Conduct Ethical egoism (create greatest good for the leader) Closely related to transactional leadership theories Example: leader takes a political stand on an issue for no other reason than to get re-elected Utilitarianism (create greatest good for greatest number) Example: Leader distributes scarce resources so as to maximize benefit to everyone, while hurting the fewest; preventive health care vs. catastrophic illnesses Altruism (show concern for best interests of others) Authentic transformational leadership is based on altruistic principles Example: The work of Mother Teresa, who gave her entire life to help the poor 11 Teleological Theories: focus on consequences of actions and results Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 11 Teleological--consequences of actions and results Ethical Theories Conduct Deontological Theories Duty driven, for example, relates not only to consequences but also to whether action itself is good Focus on the actions of the leader and his/her moral obligation and responsibilities to do the right thing Example: telling the truth, keeping promises, being fair 12 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 12 Teleological – consequences of Ethical Theories Character Virtue-based Theories: About leader’s character Focus on who people are as people Rather than tell people what to do, tell people what to be Help people become more virtuous through training and development Virtues are present within person’s disposition; practice makes good values habitual Examples: Courage, honesty, fairness, justice, integrity, humility 13 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 13 Centrality of Ethics to Leadership Influence dimension of leadership requires the leader to have an impact on the lives of followers Power and control differences create enormous ethical responsibility for leaders Respect for persons--sensitive to followers’ own interests and needs Leaders help to establish and reinforce organizational values--an ethical climate 14 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 14 Diversity Perspectives of Leadership Heifetz’s Perspective Emphasizes how leaders help followers to confront conflicting values and to effect change from conflict Ethical perspective that speaks directly to Values of workers Values of organizations and the communities in which they work 15 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 15 Several prominent scholars--Heifetz, Burns, and Greenleaf--they’ve made unique contributions to our understanding of ethical leadership. The theme that is common to all three--is an ethic of caring--which pays attention to followers’ needs and the importance of leader–follower relationships. Diverse Perspectives of Leadership Heifetz’s Perspective Leaders use authority to mobilize followers to Get people focused on issues Act as a reality test regarding information Manage and frame issues Orchestrate conflicting perspectives Facilitate the decision-making process 16 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 16 Diverse Perspectives of Leadership Heifetz’s Perspective Leaders use authority to mobilize followers to Get people focused on issues Act as a reality test regarding information Manage and frame issues Orchestrate conflicting perspectives Facilitate the decision-making process Leader provides a holding environment, a supportive context in which there is Trust, nurturance, & empathy Leader’s duties Assist the follower in struggling with change and personal growth 17 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. 17 Several prominent scholars--Heifetz, Burns, and Greenleaf--they’ve made unique contributions to our understanding of ethical leadership. The theme that is common to all three--is an ethic of caring--which pays attention to followers needs and the importance of leader–follower relationships. The Dark Side of Leadership Pseudotransformational leadership Characterized by destructive behaviors, such as violating basic human rights (Lipman-Blumen, 2005) Characterized by personal characteristics, such as lack of integrity, insatiable ambition, arrogance (Lipman-Blumen) Eight factors of perceived toxicity in leaders: managerial incompetency, dark traits, derisive supervision, impervious despotic leadership, dearth of ethics, erratic behavior, narcissism, and self-promoting (Singh et al., 2017) Associated with workplace outcomes such as negative attitudes in followers toward jobs and organization as a whole (Schyns and Schilling, Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Add date to citation in third bullet point 19 The Dark Side of Leadership 20 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Figure 13.2: The Toxic Triangle 20 The Toxic Triangle Destructive Leaders Charismatic, narcissistic, self-absorbed Susceptible Followers Conformers and colluders Conducive Environments Unstable environments may grant leader more authority 21 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Ethical Leaders Respect Others Ethics--is central to leadership because of The process of influence The need to engage followers to accomplish mutual goals The impact leaders have on establishing the organization’s values 22 Northouse, Leadership 8e. © SAGE Publications, 2019. Discuss principles of ethical leadership--including treating others with respect, fairness, honesty, concern for the common good, and building community. Explain how ethical principles can influence leadership behavior and organizational culture. Conclude with the significance of ethics in leadership roles.

Paper For Above instruction

Effective leadership is fundamentally rooted in ethical principles that govern behavior, influence relationships, and shape organizational culture. Principles such as respect, fairness, honesty, concern for the common good, and fostering community are central tenets of ethical leadership. These principles not only guide leaders in their decision-making but also foster trust and integrity within organizations, which are vital for sustainable success. Ethical leadership begins with treating others with dignity and respect, recognizing their intrinsic value, and acknowledging diverse perspectives. By doing so, leaders create an inclusive environment where stakeholders' rights and interests are protected, promoting fairness and justice (Northouse, 2019).

Respect for others is fundamental to ethical leadership. Leaders demonstrate respect by actively listening, showing empathy, and valuing individual differences. This approach builds trust and encourages open communication, which are essential for effective collaboration. Furthermore, fairness involves consistent and equitable treatment of followers, ensuring that decisions are transparent and justifiable. Ethical leaders adhere to principles of distributive justice, making sure that rewards and opportunities are distributed based on legitimate, morally sound criteria (Northouse, 2019). Honesty also plays a critical role; authentic leaders communicate openly, avoid deception, and maintain transparency in their actions, thereby fostering a culture of trust.

Concern for the common good emphasizes that leadership is not solely about personal gain but about serving the broader community. This perspective requires leaders to consider the wider impacts of their decisions and actions on society, employees, and stakeholders. Leaders committed to the common good actively work towards organizational and societal well-being, aligning their goals with ethical standards that promote social responsibility (Northouse, 2019). Building community is another vital principle, as it involves nurturing a sense of belonging and mutual support among organizational members. Leaders foster community by encouraging collaboration, shared values, and collective responsibility, which enhance organizational cohesion and resilience.

Honesty and integrity underpin all other principles of ethical leadership. Leaders who are truthful in their dealings establish credibility and trustworthiness, setting a behavioral standard for others to emulate. Transparency in decision-making processes and openness about organizational challenges foster an environment where ethical behavior thrives (Northouse, 2019). Moreover, ethical leadership emphasizes the importance of fairness; leaders must ensure equitable treatment and impartiality, which reinforce organizational justice.

The influence of ethical principles extends beyond individual behavior to shape organizational culture and climate. Ethical leaders serve as role models, fostering an environment where ethical conduct is valued and rewarded. Such a culture promotes shared values, accountability, and compliance with moral standards (Brown & Treviño, 2006). An ethical climate encourages employees to act with integrity and reduces unethical behaviors such as deception, favoritism, or exploitation. This, in turn, enhances organizational reputation and long-term sustainability.

In examining the principles of ethical leadership, it is evident that they significantly influence leader behavior and organizational culture. Respect, fairness, honesty, concern for the common good, and community-building act as guiding standards that inform decision-making and interpersonal interactions. Ethical principles foster a culture of trust, accountability, and shared purpose, which are critical for effective leadership. Leaders who embody these principles can inspire followers, promote moral development, and create a positive organizational environment. Furthermore, ethical leadership is essential for organizational legitimacy, stakeholder trust, and continuous improvement (Ciulla, 2004).

The role of ethics in leadership is especially pertinent amid complex moral dilemmas and organizational challenges, such as conflicts of interest, misconduct, or ethical lapses. Leaders must navigate these issues with moral integrity, guided by core principles to make decisions that serve the broader interests of society and the organization (Northouse, 2019). Ethical leadership also involves fostering an ethical climate that discourages unethical behaviors and promotes accountability.

In conclusion, principles of ethical leadership, including respect, fairness, honesty, concern for the common good, and community, are vital for shaping leadership behavior and organizational culture. These principles foster trust, integrity, and social responsibility, which underpin sustainable organizational success. Ethical leadership requires a deliberate commitment to uphold these values, serving as a moral compass that guides organizational actions and influences all stakeholders positively. As organizations face increasing scrutiny and ethical challenges, the centrality of ethics in leadership becomes ever more important in fostering moral excellence and organizational resilience.

References

  • Brown, M. E., & Treviño, L.. (2006). Ethical leadership: A review and future directions. Leadership Quarterly, 17(6), 595-616.
  • Ciulla, J.. (2004). Ethics and leadership effectiveness. In J.. Ciulla (Ed.), Ethics, the heart of leadership (pp. 17-40). Praeger.
  • Northouse, P.. (2019). Leadership: Theory and practice (8th ed.). Sage Publications.
  • Lipman-Blumen, J.. (2005). The allure of toxic leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 11(4), 50-61.
  • Schyns, B., & Schilling, J.. (2017). How bad are the dark triad traits? A review and suggestions for further research. Human Resource Management Review, 27(2), 209-220.
  • Singh, P., et al. (2017). Toxic triangle of leadership: An overview. International Journal of Management, 8(4), 123-