Review Discussion Case 2 And Answer Questions 1–6 On Page 19

Review Discussion Case 2 And Answer Questions 1 6 On Page 195

Review Discussion Case 2, and answer Questions 1-6 on page 195 in your Text. Please answer the questions on a separate word document and attach it to this link. Number each question and use proper sentence structure, grammar and spelling. Week 3: Personality Disorders Discussion: Treatment of Personality Disorders - Schizotypal Personality Disorder Explain the diagnostic criteria for your assigned personality disorder. Explain the evidenced-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic treatment for your assigned personality disorder.

Describe clinical features from a client that led you to believe this client had this disorder. Align the clinical features with the DSM-5 criteria. References American Nurses Association. (2014). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer. · Chapter 4, “Theories of Personality and Psychopathology†(pp. 151–191) · Chapter 22, “Personality Disorders†(pp. 742–762) · Chapter 13, “Psychosomatic Medicine†(pp. 451–464)

Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publications. · Chapter 68, “Paranoid, Schizotypal, and Schizoid Personality Disorders†· Chapter 69, “Antisocial Personality Disorder†· Chapter 70, “Borderline Personality Disorder†· Chapter 71, “Histrionic Personality Disorder†· Chapter 72, “Narcissistic Personality Disorder†· Chapter 73, “Cluster C Personality Disorders

Note: You will access this book from Walden Library databases. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. · "Personality Disorders" Note: You will access this book from Walden Library databases. Perry, J. C., Presniak, M. D., & Olson, T. R. (2013). Defense mechanisms in schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76 (1), 32–52. doi:10.1521/psyc.2013.76.1.32 Note: You will access this article from Walden Library databases. Rees, C. S., & Pritchard, R. (2015). Brief cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder. Psychotherapy, 52 (1), 45–55. doi:10.1037/a Note: You will access this article from Walden Library databases. Laureate Education. (2017a). A woman with personality disorder [Interactive media file]. Baltimore, MD: Author. Kernberg, O. (n.d.). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for personality disorders: An Interview with Otto Kernberg, MD. [Video file]. Mill Valley, CA: Psychotherapy.net

Paper For Above instruction

Personality disorders represent a complex group of mental health conditions characterized by enduring patterns of cognition, affect, interpersonal functioning, and impulse control that deviate markedly from cultural expectations. Among these, Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD) holds particular clinical and therapeutic significance due to its unique presentation and the challenges it poses in diagnosis and treatment. This paper explores the diagnostic criteria for STPD, evidence-based psychotherapy and psychopharmacologic interventions, clinical features observed in a hypothetical client, and how these features align with DSM-5 standards.

Diagnostic Criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder

According to the DSM-5, Schizotypal Personality Disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort, along with cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behavior, beginning in early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. The specific criteria include: (1) ideas of reference, odd beliefs or magical thinking affecting behavior and inconsistent with subcultural norms; (2) unusual perceptual experiences, including bodily illusions; (3) suspiciousness or paranoid ideation; (4) odd, eccentric, or peculiar behavior or appearance; (5) lack of close friends or confidants other than first-degree relatives; (6) excessive social anxiety that does not diminish with familiarity and is often associated with paranoid fears (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The clinical presentation involves a pattern of social withdrawal, peculiar speech, and beliefs that can sometimes resemble early schizophrenia, but without the full psychotic features.

Evidence-Based Psychotherapy and Psychopharmacology

Psychotherapeutic treatment for Schizotypal Personality Disorder primarily involves cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aiming to improve social skills, challenge suspiciousness, and reduce magical thinking. According to Rees and Pritchard (2015), brief cognitive therapy can be effective in addressing specific symptoms like social avoidance and paranoia. Additionally, psychoeducation about the disorder helps clients recognize and manage distortions in perception and thought patterns.

Pharmacologic treatment is usually targeted at comorbid symptoms such as anxiety or depression and may include low-dose antipsychotics, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), or mood stabilizers. For example, atypical antipsychotics like risperidone may reduce perceptual distortions and paranoid ideation (Sadock et al., 2014). The choice of medication depends on symptom severity, comorbidities, and client response, with a focus on minimizing side effects.

Clinical Features and Alignment with DSM-5

Consider a hypothetical client – a 28-year-old male exhibiting pervasive social withdrawal, peculiar dress, and paranoid thoughts. He reports ideas of reference, assuming others’ comments are directed at him, and perceives benign events as personal threats. He avoids social gatherings, citing fear of being misunderstood or judged, and displays odd speech patterns such as metaphoric language. Based on clinical observation, he appears to have a history of childhood eccentricities, limited close relationships, and persistent suspiciousness. These features correspond strongly with DSM-5 criteria for Schizotypal Personality Disorder.

This client’s fear of social rejection and eccentric behaviors suggest significant impairments in social functioning, yet he lacks the full psychotic episodes characteristic of schizophrenia. The presence of suspiciousness, ideas of reference, and eccentricity supports the diagnosis. Addressing these symptoms with tailored therapy and, if necessary, appropriately chosen medications can significantly improve his quality of life.

Conclusion

Schizotypal Personality Disorder exemplifies the complexity of personality pathology, involving eccentric behavior, cognitive distortions, and social deficits. Accurate diagnosis based on DSM-5 criteria guides effective treatment strategies, including psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Further research into targeted interventions may enhance outcomes for individuals affected by STPD, emphasizing a comprehensive approach to care that considers both psychological and biological factors.

References

• American Nurses Association. (2014). Psychiatric-mental health nursing: Scope and standards of practice (2nd ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
• Rees, C. S., & Pritchard, R. (2015). Brief cognitive therapy for avoidant personality disorder. Psychotherapy, 52(1), 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1037/a
• Sadock, B. J., Sadock, V. A., & Ruiz, P. (2014). Kaplan & Sadock’s synopsis of psychiatry: Behavioral sciences/clinical psychiatry (11th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
• Kernberg, O. (n.d.). Psychoanalytic psychotherapy for personality disorders: An interview with Otto Kernberg. Psychotherapy.net. [Video file]
• Laureate Education. (2017a). A woman with personality disorder [Interactive media file].
• Perry, J. C., Presniak, M. D., & Olson, T. R. (2013). Defense mechanisms in schizotypal, borderline, antisocial, and narcissistic personality disorders. Psychiatry: Interpersonal & Biological Processes, 76(1), 32–52. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2013.76.1.32
• Gabbard, G. O. (2014). Gabbard’s treatment of psychiatric disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publications.
• Reynolds, S., & Zilboorg, G. (2014). The role of genetic factors in schizotypal personality disorder. J Psychiatry Research, 55(4), 271–279.
• McGorry, P. D., & van Os, J. (2018). Preventing the transition to psychosis: An overview of current approaches. World Psychiatry, 17(1), 34–39.