Review The Biopsychosocial Model 25 Years Later
Review The Articlethe Biopsychosocial Model 25 Years Later Principle
Review the article, The Biopsychosocial Model 25 Years Later: Principles, Practice, and Scientific Inquiry. Think about how and why the biopsychosocial model was created. Also, consider the role of a patient’s subjective experience in the diagnosis and treatment of health issues. Review the remaining articles on the biopsychosocial model. Think about how biological, psychological, and social factors affect the health and wellness issues addressed in the articles.
Select one health issue from the following list: Migraine headaches Postpartum depression Obesity Substance abuse/addiction Eating Disorder (anorexia, bulimia) Identify biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the health issue you selected. Reflect on how the person’s subjective experience may influence the mitigation or severity of the health issue you selected. Describe the health issue you selected and identify key contributors or factors, based on the biopsychosocial model, that could contribute to the development of the issue (be sure to include all three aspects of the model). Then describe the role of subjective experience and how it could influence the mitigation/severity of the issue.
Note: Support your postings and responses with specific references to the Learning Resources and any additional sources you identify using both in-text citations and references. It is strongly recommended that you include proper APA format and citations. 400 words not including references
Paper For Above instruction
The biopsychosocial model represents a comprehensive approach to understanding health and illness by integrating biological, psychological, and social factors. Originally developed by George Engel in 1977, this model was created to address the limitations of the biomedical model, which focused solely on biological processes. Engel’s intent was to emphasize that health outcomes are the result of complex interactions among physiological processes, mental health, and social environments, making treatment more holistic and patient-centered. Over the past 25 years, this model has gained widespread recognition, emphasizing that effective healthcare must consider all these dimensions (Engel, 1977; Borrell-Carrio et al., 2004).
The role of a patient’s subjective experience is central to this model. Subjective experiences include personal perceptions, emotional responses, beliefs, and attitudes toward health, which influence how individuals interpret symptoms and adhere to treatment regimens. For instance, patients’ emotional states, such as perceived stress or anxiety, can significantly impact their biological health, altering immune responses or pain perception. Moreover, understanding these subjective factors helps clinicians tailor interventions that acknowledge individual differences, thus improving efficacy and compliance (Ghaemi, 2017).
Consider the health issue of postpartum depression (PPD). Biological factors contributing to PPD include hormonal fluctuations that occur after childbirth, such as decreased estrogen and progesterone levels. Psychologically, feelings of guilt, anxiety, and low self-esteem often develop during this period. Social factors, such as lack of social support, relationship problems, or socioeconomic stress, further exacerbate the condition. From a biopsychosocial perspective, these factors interact dynamically to influence the severity and course of PPD. For example, inadequate social support can intensify feelings of isolation and depression, while hormonal changes may heighten emotional susceptibility.
The subjective experience of the postpartum woman plays a crucial role in her perception of her condition and her response to treatment. Women experiencing high levels of stress or negative beliefs about their capacity to care for their child may perceive their symptoms more intensely and be less receptive to interventions. Conversely, positive subjective experiences, such as feeling supported and competent, can mitigate symptoms' severity and promote recovery. This underscores the importance of compassionate, individualized care that recognizes personal narratives in managing health issues (O’Hara & Swain, 1996).
In conclusion, the biopsychosocial model underscores that biological, psychological, and social factors are integral to understanding health issues like postpartum depression. Incorporating patients’ subjective experiences into diagnosis and treatment improves outcomes by fostering tailored interventions that acknowledge the complexity of human health and illness.
References
Borrell-Carrio, F., et al. (2004). The biopsychosocial model 25 years later: Principles, practice, and scientific inquiry. Annals of Family Medicine, 2(6), 576–582.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136.
Ghaemi, S. N. (2017). The rise and fall of the biopsychosocial model. Psychiatric Times, 34(3), 20–24.
O’Hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37–54.