Review The Following Article From This Week's Required Readi

Review The Following Article From This Weeks Required Readingmurphy

Review the following article from this week’s required reading: Murphy, J. (2011). Information systems & technology. Patient as center of the health care universe: A closer look at patient-centered care. Nursing Economic$, 29(1), 35-37. Prepare a paper that meets or exceeds the following requirements: Compose a brief summary of the author’s main points. Assess the value and challenges of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs), in general, and of computerized physician order entry systems (CPOEs), in specific, to achieve the patient-centered care goals set forth in the article. Evaluate the pros and cons of linking electronic health records (EHR) to at least three clinical information systems (e.g., LIS, PIS, RIS, etc.) and physician mobile devices. Explain and defend the rationale for classifying EHR, CPOEs, and CDSS as patient-centered management systems. Requirements: Your paper should be 4-5 pages in length and conform to CSU-Global Guide to Writing and APA Requirements. Include at least three scholarly references in addition to the course textbook. The CSU-Global Library is a good place to find these references.

Paper For Above instruction

This paper provides a comprehensive review and critical analysis of Murphy’s 2011 article, "Patient as Center of the Healthcare Universe: A Closer Look at Patient-Centered Care," with an emphasis on the integration of information systems in healthcare delivery. The discussion begins with a summary of Murphy's main points, followed by an evaluation of clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) and computerized physician order entry systems (CPOEs) concerning patient-centered care. It then examines the benefits and challenges of linking electronic health records (EHRs) to various clinical information systems and mobile devices, culminating in a rationale for classifying EHRs, CPOEs, and CDSS as essential components of patient-centered management systems.

Summary of Murphy’s Main Points

Murphy (2011) underscores the paradigm shift in healthcare towards patient-centered care, emphasizing that placing the patient at the core of health services improves outcomes, satisfaction, and efficiency. The author highlights how health information technology (HIT) tools such as EHRs, CPOEs, and CDSSs are fundamental to achieving this shift by enhancing communication, coordination, and decision-making. Murphy advocates for a holistic integration of these systems to facilitate the delivery of personalized care, ensuring that patient preferences and needs are central to clinical decisions. The article also explores the barriers to this integration, including technological interoperability issues, resistance to change among providers, and concerns about data security and privacy.

Assessing the Value and Challenges of CDSSs and CPOEs

Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are designed to assist clinicians by providing evidence-based recommendations, alerts, and reminders during patient care processes. Their value lies in reducing errors, standardizing care, and promoting adherence to clinical guidelines, all aligning with patient-centered goals by improving safety and care quality (Kawamoto et al., 2005). However, challenges include alert fatigue, where excessive or irrelevant alerts can lead to ignored warnings, and the need for continuous updating to reflect current evidence (Bates et al., 2003). CPOEs, which digitalize the ordering process for medications, tests, and treatments, streamline communication, reduce handwriting errors, and expedite care delivery (Peters et al., 2009). Nonetheless, they face challenges such as workflow disruptions, user interface issues, and concerns over overriding clinical judgment, which can compromise the patient-centered focus if not carefully implemented.

Pros and Cons of Linking EHRs to Clinical Systems and Mobile Devices

Integrating EHRs with laboratory information systems (LIS), pharmacy information systems (PIS), radiology information systems (RIS), and physician mobile devices offers multiple advantages. These include real-time access to comprehensive patient data, improved coordination among providers, and enhanced decision-making accuracy (Häyrinen, Saranto, & Nykänen, 2008). For example, mobile devices enable clinicians to review lab results, imaging, and medication lists at the bedside or in remote settings, fostering timely interventions and personalized care (Wu, 2017). However, challenges involve interoperability issues across diverse systems, data security threats, and potential information overload that can hinder clinical workflow (Vest et al., 2015). Additionally, ensuring user-friendly interfaces and consistent data standards are crucial for maximizing benefits while minimizing disruptions.

Rationale for Classifying EHR, CPOEs, and CDSS as Patient-Centered Management Systems

EHRs, CPOEs, and CDSSs are integral to patient-centered management because they directly influence how care is coordinated, personalized, and delivered. These systems collectively enable comprehensive, accessible, and accurate patient information, supporting clinical decisions aligned with individual preferences, values, and specific health contexts. Murphy (2011) emphasizes that technology should enhance engagement, transparency, and shared decision-making. Classifying these systems as patient-centered management tools underscores their role not only in support of clinical workflows but also in elevating the patient’s voice in healthcare. They facilitate tailored interventions, improve safety, and promote continuity of care—key elements of patient-centeredness (Terry et al., 2012). Ultimately, their classification signifies a shift from provider-centric to patient-centric models, leveraging information technology to empower patients and improve health outcomes.

Conclusion

Murphy’s article advocates for the strategic integration of health information systems to realize patient-centered care. While the benefits of CDSSs, CPOEs, and interconnected EHRs are substantial, addressing their challenges is critical for effective implementation. Viewing these systems as patient-centered management tools highlights their potential to transform healthcare into a more personalized, efficient, and safe enterprise. Future advancements should focus on enhancing interoperability, reducing alert fatigue, safeguarding data security, and fostering clinician and patient engagement to fully harness the capabilities of health information technology.

References

• Bates, D. W., Cohen, M., Leape, L. L., et al. (2003). Reducing order entry errors in a neonatal intensive care unit with computerised physician order entry. Pediatrics, 111(1), 150–156.
• Häyrinen, K., Saranto, K., & Nykänen, P. (2008). Definition, structure, content, use and impacts of electronic health records: A review of the research literature. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 77(5), 291–304.
• Kawamoto, K., Houlihan, C. A., Balas, E. A., & Lobach, D. F. (2005). Improving clinical practice using clinical decision support systems: A systematic review of trials to identify features critical to success. BMJ, 330(7494), 765.
• Peters, M., et al. (2009). Impact of computerized order entry systems on medication errors: A systematic review. International Journal of Medical Informatics, 78(10), 725–732.
• Terry, A., et al. (2012). Patient-centered care: An essential component of healthcare reform. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 27(2), 148–154.
• Vest, J. R., et al. (2015). Challenges of health information exchange: A systematic review. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 22(3), 650–656.
• Wu, R. C. (2017). Mobile health technology and its implications for patient-centered care. Journal of Mobile Technology in Medicine, 6(2), 12–16.