Running Head: Critical Analysis 1

Running Head Critical Analysis 1critical A

In this paper, I will argue that “Intimate Partner” is used to represent any inclusive romantic or sexual relationship between two non-biologically-related people. Ideally, these kinds of relationships show lots of love and support for each other. Unfortunately, some people do not act like the ideal condition and abuse their partners cause considerable emotional or physical pain and injury (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). Sometimes abusing behavior brings violence and makes the worse situation ever. Different type of abuses such as emotional abuse, economic abuse, social isolation, physical abuses takes place in case of creating intimate partner violence.

Sometimes some people start to stalk their partners with generating a different motive such as anger, hostility, paranoia, and delusion towards their partners (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). One partner verbally threats his/her partner through using emails, text messaging, and social network Internet sites. In 2012, 4th February, a 21-year-old California boyfriend had bound legs of his girlfriend with tape and threatened her with pointing a gun towards her and beaten her, and kept her for nine days. This situation occurred as the girl received a text message from another man on her cellphone (Belknap, Chu, & Deprince, 2012). It is clear that technology can lead to intimate partner abuse.

In this paper, I will argue that technology in terms of electronic devices can be used as the trigger for more intimate partner violent abuse. I would suggest having someone review your writing to help improve your ability to convey your ideas. I am wondering what this means- different from what? From IPV? It seems to me that it is a similar motive so I am unclear.

Comment by Sarah McMahon: The purpose of this assignment is: “Develop an argument that compares these types of violence in a specific way(s), such as the root causes, the impact on victims, society's perception of the crime, or our response to the crime. How are they similar or different?” I am not sure your thesis answers that question? Causes and Impact of Intimate Partner Violence and Stalking and Electronic Abuse These days, out of ten women, one lady murdered or badly injured by her intimate partner. Life threatening matters are the most common factor which can create physical violence among intimate partners. Comment by Sarah McMahon: This is not a full sentence. I would suggest having someone proofread your paper as I suggested last time. Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am unclear on what this means. What are the life-threatening matters and what is the most common factor that causes physical violence? If you are talking about the causes of IPV it seems that you would be discussing things relating back to the theories and that it is power, control, witnessing violence in their parents, etc? Early parenthood also is the reason for intimate partner violence.

The women, who are twenty-one year aged, were normally made victims of intimate partner violence for twice because, at that particular age, women were not supposed to be a mother (Renna et al., 2018). On the other hand, twenty-one-year men, who have children, were normally abused for more than three times. Comment by Sarah McMahon: This is very confusing. How is early parenthood a reason for intimate partner violence? What women are 21 and normally made victims? If you are discussing an article, you need to say something like, “In the article by Renna et al., 2018, the authors found that in a study of X number of women, X experienced abuse” or something like that. Though against the women, alcohol is not the reason for violence, but in a relationship, alcohol can create violence between the intimate partners (Renna et al., 2018). There are many examples are available where males consume alcohol and make violence on their intimate female partner (Renna et al., 2018). Heavy drinking increases the risks for deadly and violent victimization of females in intimate partner relationships.

Comment by Sarah McMahon: What is against the women? Severe poverty can be a reason for intimate partner violence. Its related stressors grow the probabilities of intimate partner violence risk. When one partner finds a reduction of benefits from the property, violence may happens between the intimate partners (Renna et al., 2018). Comment by Sarah McMahon: I would not say poverty is a reason for intimate partner violence. It can certainly increase stress which can make situations worse.

Unemployment is another reason for intimate partner violence. While a person is suffering from the issue of unemployment or has the reduced stability of employment, violence has occurred between the intimate partners. Comment by Sarah McMahon: Again not a reason, but more of a factor that can contribute, same as alcohol and poverty. Emotional and mental depression can create violence between intimate partners. Approximately, half of the ladies are the victims of serious domestic violence and they meet the criteria of extreme depression. In the world, near about twenty-five percent are suffering from a posttraumatic stress disorder and thirty-two percent are from anxiety (Renna et al., 2018).

Comment by Sarah McMahon: Up to this point, it seems like you were reviewing the causes and factors related to IPV. The purpose of the paper is to compare different types of violence. So I would expect in the next section that you would be looking at the causes of another type of violence that you mentioned- stalking or electronic abuse. Recently, Technology such as Electronic devices is using as the trigger for more intimate partner violent abuse. By calling or messaging intimate partners creates violence.

With technology, partners can be affected by emotional abuse name calling, insulting, blaming, stalking etc. As an impact, a partner can be affected mentally, physically, financially, and social life. In the article, named A Same-Sex Domestic Violence Epidemic Is Silent, is an example typical framing of partner abuse as a heterosexual issue. Here, two men Chris and José show an intimate homosexual relationship. They had two months of the relationship, But for a particular reason they made violence. Here Chris was the victim of the violence and he was affected for years. Their relationship was continued for nine months and after that, it ended (Shwayder, 2013). Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am not clear on what this means or how it is related to your argument Supporting Evidence “Hundreds of Apps Can Empower Stalkers to Track Their Victims” shows digital tools can gather cellphone data for tracking any phone. So people are using this option with abuses the technology to track their partners without consent (Valentino-DeVries, 2018). This article also reveals that there are more than 200 applications and services exists which allow people to be stalkers with several facilities such as basic location tracking, secretly recording videos etc. the New York time reported that approx. twenty-four services were promoted as observation tools for spying on intimidate partners (Valentino-DeVries, 2018).

Last year two surveillance companies reveal that more than 100,000 users are registered on their sites. In this year, the tracking application company told The New York Times that they sold subscriptions to more than 27,000 users in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reported that 27% of women and 11% men in the United States became victims of stalking or sexual or physical violence by their intimate partners (Valentino-DeVries, 2018). Comment by Sarah McMahon: You present interesting information in this paragraph but how does it relate to your paper and overall argument? This is not explained.

As this article explains, “What the Law Can (and Can't) Do About Online Harassment” reveals about Jennifer Lawrence’s live experience. Her partner always wanted to establish sexual contact online. The U.S. Department of Justice statistics reported that almost 850,000 American adults basically women were targeted of cyber-stalking last year. It also reported that approx. 40% of women were victims of dating violence delivered electronically (Sweeney, 2014). Comment by Sarah McMahon: Again, interesting example but how does it relate to your paper? What are you comparing? Society’s Perception of the Crime Intimate partner violence is broadly perceived dilemma in today’s society. It is also considered as the most complicated issues to appropriately identify and prevent. There are many studies that indicate there have high risks in intimate partner violence against women in the male dominating society (Sweeney, 2014). These days the society believes in inequality between men and women and the rigid gender play the lead role to approval and agreement of intimate partner violence. In nations, where females are financially subordinate, the difficulty of overcoming the IPV violence (Sweeney, 2014). Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am confused as to the purpose of this paragraph and how it relates to your paper. It does also not seem to be about society’s perception.

Conclusion

This critical analysis paper emphasizes the existing research on electronic devices and services of intimate partner stalking. Several articles are encountered which recognize the multitude of techniques that phones and computers can be used to abuse and keep women from access to formal and informal support systems and safety. All data and facts concluded that phones or computers act as a trigger in influencing more intimate partner violent abuse. Further research will directly ask the male and female victims about their abusive relationships. This research also encountered about how systems of technology have been used to abuse them could enable more evidence-based training for a victim.

The reviewed research paper revealed a lack of awareness regarding stalking and harassed by their partners. The research focused on electronic applications and services with having different technology to aware male and female in order to get safe lives. The implications of the analysis for the social work, it identifies the implications of the citizenship and neo-liberal perspectives. But it does conclude that imperatives of budgetary reduction are limiting the opportunities for social workers to practice within the context of personalization. Comment by Sarah McMahon: I am sorry but I do not understand what this means.

References

• Belknap, J., Chu, A. T., & Deprince, A. P. (2012). The Roles of Phones and Computers in Threatening and Abusing Women Victims of Male Intimate Partner Abuse. DUKE JOURNAL OF GENDER LAW & POLICY, 19(373).
• Renna, M. E., O'toole, M. S., Spaeth, P. E., Lekander, M., & Mennin, D. S. (2018). The association between anxiety, traumatic stress, and obsessive–compulsive disorders and chronic inflammation: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Depression and anxiety, 35(11), 1018-1028.
• Shwayder, M. (2013). A Same-Sex Domestic Violence Epidemic Is Silent. Retrieved from
• Sweeney, M. (2014). What the Law Can (and Can't) Do About Online Harassment. The New York Times.
• Valentino-DeVries, J. (2018). Hundreds of Apps Can Empower Stalkers to Track Their Victims. The New York Times.