Running Head: Human Personality In Psychology

Running Head Psychologyhuman Personality Has Been Explored By Several

Human personality has been explored by several psychologists, among them Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung. These two theorists have their observations about personality. Carl Jung first developed three criterions of determining personality, and he later developed a fourth criterion. The first three are bipolar dimensions in which each pole represents a different preference. Each criterion brings forth two conflicting dimensions (Myers, 2004).

The judging versus perceiving principle explains the differences between these four dimensions. The extroverts talk too much; they are outgoing and sociable while the introverts find it difficult to mingle, and they speak less. They only speak out when it is necessary, and they avoid interactions as much as possible. The sensitive people believe the information that they observe directly but the intuitive have their beliefs, and their imagination is not limited. The thinking category uses logic to make decisions while the feeling category relies on their emotions to make decisions.

The judging category implements the information they process and form their opinions on the information while the perceiving category prefers to explore the existing options (Ciccarelli, & Meyer, 2006). These four dichotomies yield sixteen different combinations of personality. Sigmund Freud is the father of psychoanalysis. He argues that human behavior results from interactions between the three components of the mind, namely; the ego, the id, and the superego. According to Freud, a person's personality is developed throughout his life since birth.

It is developed at the early stages where the child has to undergo the five psychosexual stages in the psychosexual theory of development. During growth, the child is presented with conflicts between the social expectations and the biological drives (Myers, 2004). The ability to navigate through these internal conflicts leads to mastery at each developmental stage until the child attains full maturity. The child develops a defense mechanism to deal with the conflict. These defense mechanisms include sublimation, projection, repression, regression, denial and displacement (Ciccarelli, & Meyer, 2006).

They enable the child to grow and to protect its ego to ensure that it abides by the social norms. “Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung both believed in the unconscious, and they both believed that dream interpretation aided the treatment of the patient. Psychoanalytical theory was Sigmund Freud development and Carl Jung's analytic psychology, although they both believe unconscious mind to be the most important part of the psyche, have many differences. There were Jung's disagreement upon Sigmund Freud's theory of infantile sexuality and libido. Carl Jung refused to accept that sexual instinct is main psychological drive.

Freud looked at human beings as victims of past events, Carl Jung believed that human beings are formed by our future as well as our past. Carl Jung believed human beings are affected not only by what happened to us as kids, but also by what we aim to do in the future.”(Schultz, & Schultz, 2012). “Carl Jung placed an even greater emphasis on the unconscious than Freud did. Carl Jung investigated more deeply into the unconscious and made it the core of his system of personality.”(Schultz, & Schultz, 2012). Culture does influence personality as personality is what makes one person unique.

Culture can determine how someone acts as culture is what they will be socialized into. American culture/personalities and that of Asian cultures/personalities are different from one another. One is more individualistic while the other is more collective. “Children that were exposed to different childhood influences grow up to have different personalities." (Schultz, & Schultz, 2012).” “Sigmund Freud theories reflects his childhood experiences. He was raised up with a strict father and a loving protective mother.

He had a lot of anger towards his father. His father was a lot older than his beautiful mother. Sigmund Freud had a sexual attraction to his mother and this what set the stage for his concept of Oedipus complex.” (Schultz, & Schultz, 2012).” Carl Jung was raised up in an unhappy and difficult home. His parents were very moody and his mother mental illness impacted Carl Jung life. He was withdrawn from women for a long time.

Carl Jung mother was fat and unattractive and that is probably why he did not share the same idea that Sigmund Freud did about a child being sexual attracted to their parent. Carl Jung spent a lot of time alone and he felt cut off from the external world. He turned towards the unconscious, of dreams and fantasies where he felt safer. When Carl Jung had an issue he would turn to his dreams for a solution. Hitler in my opinion would be more like Carl Jung theory than Sigmund Freud.

I believe this because Hitler had some mental issues going on in his life as Carl Jung experience in his life with his mother. Hitler seemed to be out of the real world as for as his personality was. Hitler personality would follow more in Carl Jung theory in the unconscious than Freud. Carl Jung’s ideas were not as popular as Sigmund Freud’s. His ideas were a little more like a fascination.

His ideas were not explained well. Sigmund Freud’s explained his theory well but was his theory not good at predicting behavior. Sigmund Freud's theory could not be proved true or false. I think years ago their ideas were more considered across different cultures but in todays time neither one of them or looked at anymore.

References

• Ciccarelli, S., & Meyer, G. (2006). Psychology. Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall.
• Myers, D. (2004). Psychology (7th ed.). New York: Worth.
• Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, S. E. (2012). Theories of Personality (10th ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.