Sampling Design Write A 350- To 700-Word Paper Using The Res

Sampling Design Write a 350- to 700-word paper using the research scenario and two variables your learning team developed for the Week 2 Business Research Project Part 1 assignment, in which the goal is to submit a random sampling plan in such detail that another researcher could replicate the method.

For the Week 2 Business Research Project Part 1, the focus is on creating a comprehensive sampling plan based on a defined research scenario and two variables identified by the learning team. The objective is to develop a detailed description of the sampling design that enables another researcher to replicate the process reliably. This entails specifying the target population, selecting an appropriate method of random sampling, calculating an adequate sample size, addressing issues of validity and reliability, and considering ethical safeguards if human subjects are involved.

Target Population and Rationale

The first step involves defining the target population from which the sample will be drawn. For example, if the research involves assessing customer satisfaction within a retail chain, the target population could be all active customers who made a purchase within the last six months. The rationale for selecting this population might include its relevance to the variables studied—such as satisfaction scores and purchase frequency—and the accessibility of this population through existing customer databases. Clearly defining the population ensures that the sample accurately reflects the broader group, enhancing the external validity of the findings.

Method of Random Sampling

Several methods of random sampling could be employed, including simple random sampling, stratified sampling, systematic sampling, or cluster sampling. The choice depends on the research context and the nature of the population. For instance, if the target population has distinct subgroups (e.g., age brackets, geographic regions), stratified sampling could help ensure representation across these segments. Alternatively, simple random sampling might be suitable if the population is relatively homogeneous. Systematic sampling involves selecting every nth individual from a list, while cluster sampling might involve selecting entire groups or locations. The specific method should be described in detail so that the sampling process is transparent and replicable.

Sample Size Calculation

Determining the appropriate sample size requires statistical calculations to ensure the results are representative within a specified margin of error and confidence level. Using a 95% confidence level, an estimated population standard deviation or proportion, and a 5% margin of error, the sample size can be calculated using established formulas. For example, if estimating a population mean, the formula considers the standard deviation, margin of error, and z-score associated with the confidence level. For proportions, the calculation involves the estimated proportion and margin of error. This calculation should be included in an appendix, but a brief statement in the main text should note the actual sample size derived from these calculations, ensuring transparency and methodological rigor.

Validity and Reliability

Ensuring validity involves designing the sampling process to accurately represent the target population, thereby supporting the generalizability of the findings. Reliability is achieved through standardizing procedures for selecting and contacting participants, ensuring consistency across the sampling process. Pilot testing sampling procedures and using validated measurement instruments contribute to both validity and reliability, reducing measurement error and bias. Additionally, employing random sampling techniques minimizes selection bias, further enhancing the study's internal and external validity.

Protection of Human Subjects

If the research involves human participants, ethical considerations must be addressed. This includes obtaining informed consent, ensuring confidentiality, and protecting participants from harm. An ethical review or Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval should be sought to safeguard participants' rights and well-being, in compliance with ethical standards such as those outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.

Data Collection Approach

The second part involves describing how data will be physically collected and why this approach is best suited for the research. For example, if conducting a survey, it can be distributed electronically or in person, depending on the target population's accessibility. The chosen approach must maximize response rates and data accuracy. If data mining or observation are selected, the rationale should include considerations of efficiency, data richness, and relevance to the research variables.

Data storage and protection are critical; data should be securely stored digitally using password-protected systems or encrypted drives. Access should be limited to authorized personnel only, and data should be anonymized or de-identified to adhere to privacy standards such as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or Institutional Review Board (IRB) guidelines.

In conclusion, a detailed and methodologically sound sampling plan combined with a clear strategy for data collection and protection will contribute significantly to the credibility and ethical integrity of the research.

References

• Cooper, D. R., & Schindler, P. S. (2014). Business Research Methods (12th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Fitzgerald, L. (2012). Sample Size Calculations: An Overview. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 21(15-16), 2325–2332.
• Henry, G. T. (1990). Practical Sampling. Sage Publications.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.
• Roth, P. L., & BeVier, C. A. (2004). The Effects of Sampling and Measurement Error on Statistical Power. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 882–894.
• Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2016). Research Methods for Business Students (7th ed.). Pearson Education.
• Vogt, W. P. (2007). Quantitative Research Methods for Professionals. Pearson Education.
• Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
• World Health Organization. (2011). Ethical Standards for Research Involving Human Subjects. WHO Publications.
• Zikmund, W. G., Babin, B. J., Carr, J. C., & Griffin, M. (2010). Business Research Methods (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.