Section A: Circle The Letter Beside The Correct Answer For E ✓ Solved

Section A: Circle the letter beside the correct answer for e

Section A: Circle the letter beside the correct answer for each multiple-choice question.

1. What is the correct chronological order of the following events? a. Amelioration, abolition of slave trade, Mansfield judgment, apprenticeship b. Mansfield judgment, abolition of slave trade, amelioration, apprenticeship c. Apprenticeship, Mansfield judgment, amelioration, abolition of slave trade d. Abolition of slave trade, apprenticeship, amelioration, Mansfield judgment

2. The policy of improving the conditions under which enslaved persons in the British colonies lived and worked was known as a. Abolition b. Amelioration c. Emancipation d. Apprenticeship

3. The notable event in British Caribbean history which occurred in 1838 was the a. End of the apprenticeship system b. Introduction of the apprenticeship system c. Approval of the amelioration proposals d. Abolition of the tax on manumission

4. Which of the following British Amelioration proposals did planters object to MOST? a. Marriage of slaves b. Abolition of Sunday Market c. Abolition of flogging males d. Slaves giving evidence in court

5. The Emancipation Act of 1833 applied to slaves: a. Throughout the British Empire b. Only in the British West Indies c. Throughout the Caribbean d. Only in the colonies producing sugar

6. The British Caribbean planters who supported the abolition of the slave trade did so MAINLY on the grounds of: a. Law b. Mortality c. Economics d. Religion

7. What system did the British create to facilitate the transition to a free society? a. Apprenticeship b. Immigration c. Manumission d. Christianization

8. Who led the campaign for the abolition of the slave trade in the British Parliament in the 1830s? a. Granville Sharp b. William Wilberforce c. Thomas Clarkson d. Thomas Buxton

9. Which reason BEST explains why compensation was paid to the planters in 1833? a. Planters were bankrupt b. Government owed the planters c. Property was being taken away d. Planters needed money to pay debts

Section B: For each statement below, write Humanitarian, Social, Economic, Political or Religious.

1. A new surge of religious sympathy for the welfare of mankind, leading to public support and sympathy for slaves by Quakers and other religious groups.

2. The British government earned more from customs and taxes on imported cotton and export of manufactured goods than from the slave trade.

3. Slaves crossing the Atlantic were unsanitary, subject to disease; estate treatment was harsh leading to suicides, runaways and rebellions.

4. It was argued that slavery was contrary to the will of God and did not support equality of man.

5. Main English port cities developed other economic interests (cotton from USA, beet sugar in Europe), reducing dependence on Caribbean sugar.

6. Local influential persons like Pitt and Buxton lobbied in Parliament arguing slavery was unnecessary by early 19th century.

Short answer: Read carefully and answer in complete sentences.

1. Give ONE reason why some slaves said that slavery was unfair.

2. Describe ONE feature of the British amelioration policy and ONE feature of the French amelioration policy.

3. Identify TWO abolitionists and ONE group and discuss the role played in the amelioration of slaves in the West Indies.

4. State why the French hesitated to end the slave trade unlike the British.

Paper For Above Instructions

Answers to Section A: Multiple Choice

1. Answer: b. Mansfield judgment, abolition of slave trade, amelioration, apprenticeship. The Mansfield judgment (Somerset, 1772) influenced legal debate, the abolition movement grew into the early 19th century, amelioration measures were proposed by the 1820s–1830s, and the apprenticeship system was implemented after the 1833 Act (Drescher, 2009).

2. Answer: b. Amelioration. The term specifically denotes legislative and administrative steps designed to improve enslaved people's conditions without ending slavery (Hochschild, 2005).

3. Answer: a. End of the apprenticeship system. The apprenticeship phase (1834–1838) formally ended in 1838 across the British Caribbean (National Archives, UK).

4. Answer: d. Slaves giving evidence in court. Planters most strongly resisted legal measures that threatened their authority and property rights, especially allowing enslaved people to give testimony (Drescher, 2009).

5. Answer: a. Throughout the British Empire. The Emancipation Act of 1833 applied to most British colonies; implementation and details varied, but the law was imperial (National Archives, UK).

6. Answer: c. Economics. Some planters supported abolition of the trade on economic grounds such as falling profitability, ship costs, and mortality that reduced returns (Williams, 1944).

7. Answer: a. Apprenticeship. The British instituted apprenticeship as a transitional labor system following the 1833 Act (Drescher, 2009).

8. Answer: b. William Wilberforce. Wilberforce was a principal parliamentary leader of abolitionist campaigns in the early 19th century (Hochschild, 2005).

9. Answer: c. Property was being taken away. Compensation payments to planters (1833) were justified as recompense for the loss of legally recognized property in enslaved people (UCL, Legacies of British Slave-ownership).

Answers to Section B: Classification

1. A new surge of religious sympathy for the welfare of mankind — Religious (Quaker and evangelical activism was a religious motivation for abolition) (Hochschild, 2005).

2. Government earnings from customs and manufactured exports surpassing slave-trade revenue — Economic (shift in national economy reduced reliance on slave trade receipts) (Williams, 1944).

3. Unsanitary Middle Passage and harsh estate treatment causing disease and rebellions — Social (public concern over human costs and social instability) (Craton, 1982).

4. Slavery contrary to the will of God and equality of man — Humanitarian/Religious (moral and religious arguments against slavery) (Drescher, 2009).

5. Port cities developing other economic interests — Economic (industrial and commercial shifts reduced the economic centrality of Caribbean sugar) (Inikori, 2002).

6. Local influential persons lobbying Parliament — Political (parliamentary advocacy and political pressure shaped reform) (Hochschild, 2005).

Short Answers

1. One reason slaves said slavery was unfair was the routine separation of families: enslaved people could be bought and sold independently of spouses and children, which destroyed kinship networks and inflicted long-term emotional suffering (Craton, 1982). This separation illustrated the denial of basic freedoms and human dignity that slaves identified as fundamentally unjust.

2. One feature of the British amelioration policy was statutory reform aimed at limiting the most brutal punishments and asserting some legal protections, such as measures against extreme corporal punishment and limited rights in court and marriage recognition; however, these reforms left the property status of enslaved persons intact and were often poorly enforced (Drescher, 2009). A French amelioration feature (in the pre-1830s context) tended to be more inconsistent: metropolitan proclamations and administrative reforms sometimes attempted to regulate colonial slave treatment, but political instability and stronger planter influence in some periods meant French measures were uneven and, after Napoleon, sometimes reversed (Garrigus, 2000).

3. Two prominent abolitionists were William Wilberforce and Thomas Buxton; a key group was the Quakers. Wilberforce led parliamentary campaigns, introducing bills and using political influence to keep abolition on the legislative agenda (Hochschild, 2005). Thomas Buxton succeeded Wilberforce in campaigning for final abolition and compensation settlements in the 1820s–1830s, focusing on legislative detail and moral persuasion (Drescher, 2009). The Quakers provided sustained grassroots activism: they organized petitions, boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved labor, and kept moral pressure on Parliament and the public, contributing to a broad humanitarian coalition (Hochschild, 2005).

4. The French hesitated to end the slave trade for several interrelated reasons: France’s colonial economy in certain periods remained heavily dependent on plantation production and slave labor, and powerful colonial planter interests lobbied for continuation; political instability in France (revolutions, regime changes) disrupted consistent metropolitan policy; and the traumatic memory of Haiti’s slave revolt made some French policymakers cautious about abrupt emancipation while fearing loss of colonial control (Williams, 1944; Beckles, 1989). These economic and political constraints delayed decisive metropolitan action compared with Britain’s parliamentary-driven abolition in 1807 (Drescher, 2009).

References

• Hochschild, A. (2005). Bury the Chains: The British Struggle to Abolish Slavery. Macmillan.
• Drescher, S. (2009). Abolition: A History of Slavery and Antislavery. Cambridge University Press.
• Williams, E. (1944). Capitalism and Slavery. University of North Carolina Press.
• Craton, M. (1982). Testing the Chains: Resistance to Slavery in the British West Indies. Cornell University Press.
• Beckles, H. (1989). Natural Rebels: A Social History of Enslaved Black Women in Barbados. Rutgers University Press.
• National Archives (UK). (n.d.). The Abolition of Slavery 1833. The National Archives: UK Government. Retrieved from https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/
• UCL Department of History. (2013). Legacies of British Slave-ownership database. University College London. Retrieved from https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/
• Inikori, J. E. (2002). Africans and the Industrial Revolution in England: A Study in International Trade and Economic Development. Cambridge University Press.
• Walvin, J. (2010). A Short History of Slavery. Penguin Books.
• Klein, H. S. (2010). The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge University Press.