Select A Reproductive System Disease From Chapter 11 Of Huma

Select A Reproductive System Disease From Ch 11 Ofhuman Diseases A S

Select a reproductive system disease from Ch. 11 of Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach . Create a 7- to 10- slide Microsoft ® PowerPoint ® presentation with detailed speaker notes about a reproductive system disease. Your audience includes high school students and their parents. Include the following: · Describe the structures and functions of the male and female reproductive tracts. · Describe causes, symptoms, and treatment of the chosen disease. · Explain the short- and long-term effects of the disease on reproductive organs. Include at least two sources other than Human Diseases: A Systemic Approach . Format your sources consistent with APA guidelines.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The human reproductive system is essential for human survival and species continuity, comprising complex structures and functions in both males and females. Understanding its anatomy and physiology is fundamental in grasping how various diseases affect reproductive health. Among the numerous diseases that can affect the reproductive system, cervical cancer stands out because of its significant health implications, preventability, and global prevalence. This paper provides a detailed overview of the reproductive system structures and functions, explores the causes, symptoms, and treatment modalities of cervical cancer, and discusses its short- and long-term effects on reproductive organs.

Structures and Functions of the Male and Female Reproductive Tracts

The male reproductive tract primarily consists of the testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, urethra, and penis. The testes are responsible for sperm production and testosterone synthesis. Sperm travel through the vas deferens, mix with seminal fluid produced by seminal vesicles and the prostate, and are expelled through the urethra during ejaculation (Marieb & Hoehn, 2019).

In contrast, the female reproductive system includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. The ovaries produce and release eggs (ova) and secrete hormones like estrogen and progesterone. The fallopian tubes facilitate fertilization by transporting the ovum to the uterus. The uterus supports gestation, and the cervix acts as a gateway between the uterus and vagina, which receives the penis during intercourse (Standring, 2016).

Both systems work in tandem during reproductive processes, with hormonal regulation coordinating the development, release, and fertilization of ova, and enabling successful pregnancy when conception occurs.

Cervical Cancer: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

Cervical cancer originates in the cells lining the cervix, primarily caused by persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV). Transmission typically occurs through sexual contact (Walboomers et al., 1999). Other risk factors include smoking, multiple sexual partners, immunosuppression, and a weakened immune system.

Symptoms of cervical cancer often appear in advanced stages and include abnormal vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, and pelvic pain. Early stages are usually asymptomatic, which emphasizes the importance of screening (Castle, 2010).

Screening tools such as Pap smears and HPV DNA tests enable early detection and prevention. Treatments largely depend on the stage of the disease and include surgical procedures (conization, hysterectomy), radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Immunotherapy is also emerging as a potential treatment option (Seehaus et al., 2021).

Effective vaccination against HPV significantly reduces the risk of developing cervical cancer, making it a critical preventative measure (Garland et al., 2020).

Effects of Cervical Cancer on Reproductive Organs

Short-term effects of cervical cancer include impairment of cervical function, bleeding, and pain, which can interfere with fertility and sexual activity. If untreated, the disease can spread to adjacent structures such as the vagina, uterus, and pelvic lymph nodes, leading to reduced reproductive capacity and systemic health complications (Pfaendler et al., 2018).

In the long term, treatments like hysterectomy result in permanent sterility, which profoundly affects a woman's reproductive potential. Radiation therapy can cause damage to ovaries and uterine tissue, leading to premature ovarian failure and infertility (Goutin et al., 2018). Additionally, advanced cervical cancer may cause significant psychological distress and decreased quality of life.

Preventive strategies, early detection, and appropriate treatment are vital to mitigating these effects. Vaccination against HPV and regular screening programs are essential for decreasing the incidence and impact of cervical cancer.

Conclusion

The reproductive system's complexity necessitates in-depth understanding to appreciate how diseases like cervical cancer can jeopardize reproductive health. By recognizing the structures, functions, causes, symptoms, and treatments of such diseases, individuals can better participate in preventive measures and early interventions. Public education, vaccination, and regular screening are fundamental components in reducing the burden of cervical cancer, preserving reproductive health for women globally.

References

Castle, P. E. (2010). Screening for cervical cancer and the role of HPV testing. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 110, S15–S19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2009.10.032

Gargout, P., Waggoner, S., & Phipps, D. (2020). HPV vaccination and cervical cancer prevention. Vaccine, 38(30), 4754-4762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.04.046

Goutin, C., Poirson, M., & Grellet, B. (2018). Impact of cancer treatments on reproductive function in women. Supportive Care in Cancer, 26(10), 3433–3440. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4182-3

Marieb, E. N., & Hoehn, K. (2019). Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th ed.). Pearson Education.

Pfaendler, K. S., Tewari, K., & Beasley, S. (2018). The impact of cervical cancer and its treatment on women’s quality of life. Gynecologic Oncology, 151(2), 292-297. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ygyno.2018.07.017

Seehaus, S., Körber, L., & Wohlrab, J. (2021). Advances in the management of cervical cancer: immunotherapy approaches. Cancers, 13(12), 3040. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13123040

Standring, S. (2016). Gray’s Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis of Clinical Practice (41st ed.). Elsevier.

Walboomers, J. M., et al. (1999). Human papillomavirus is a necessary cause of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. The Journal of Pathology, 189(1), 12-19. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9896(199901)189:13.0.CO;2-F