Select At Least Two Theories Concerning Human Motivation

Select At Least Two Theories Concerning Human Motivationthe Two Theor

Select at least two theories concerning human motivation. The two theories are: -Instinct Theory -Humanistic Theory Obtain faculty approval of your selected theories prior to beginning this assignment. Prepare a 10- to 15-minute oral presentation, accompanied by 10 to 15 Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides, in which you analyze your selected motivational theories. Online Campus students do not deliver an oral presentation; however, they must submit speaker notes with their presentations. In your presentation, address the following: •Analyze the major themes of your selected theories. •Identify the individuals associated with your selected theories. • Evaluate the effectiveness of your selected theories in explaining various behaviors (this is all I need done for ths assignment in 3 slides).

Paper For Above instruction

Slide 1: Major Themes of Instinct Theory and Humanistic Theory

The first slide introduces the core themes of the selected theories. The Instinct Theory posits that human behaviors are primarily driven by innate biological instincts — automatic, inherited responses that prompt action without need for learning. Major themes include the idea that humans are motivated by pre-programmed, evolutionary impulses that ensure survival, such as hunger, sex, and self-preservation instincts (Lorenz, 1937). These instincts are considered fixed patterns of behavior that are unlearned and universal across species.

Conversely, the Humanistic Theory emphasizes motivation driven by internal growth and self-actualization. It centers on the assumption that humans are inherently motivated to develop their potential and seek meaning, personal fulfillment, and psychological well-being (Maslow, 1943). Key themes include self-actualization, the hierarchy of needs, and the belief that motivation arises from a desire for personal growth rather than external rewards. While instinct theory focuses on biological determinants, humanistic theory emphasizes conscious choice and subjective experience.

Slide 2: Key Individuals Associated with the Theories

The second slide discusses the individuals who formulated or significantly contributed to these theories. The Instinct Theory is often linked to the work of early ethologists like Konrad Lorenz (Lorenz, 1937), who studied animal behaviors and proposed that humans, like animals, are driven by fixed instincts. William McDougall (McDougall, 1908) also supported the theory, suggesting that human behavior is governed by innate instincts linked to survival and reproduction.

In contrast, the Humanistic Theory is primarily associated with Abraham Maslow (Maslow, 1943), who developed the hierarchy of needs framework emphasizing self-actualization as the pinnacle of human motivation. Carl Rogers (Rogers, 1951) was another key figure, advocating for client-centered therapy and emphasizing the importance of self-awareness, personal growth, and intrinsic motivation. These individuals emphasized conscious, voluntary motivation, sharply contrasting with the biological determinism implied by instinct theory.

Slide 3: Effectiveness in Explaining Human Behaviors

The third slide evaluates the effectiveness of these theories in explaining human motivation. Instinct Theory has been influential in highlighting innate biological factors influencing behavior, but it is criticized for its oversimplification. It often fails to account for the complexity of human decision-making, learning, and cultural influences (Johnson, 2005). The theory's focus on fixed instincts cannot fully explain voluntary, goal-directed behaviors that are learned or influenced by environmental and social factors.

Humanistic Theory has been praised for its comprehensive view of motivation, emphasizing personal agency, growth, and self-awareness. It effectively explains behaviors related to self-fulfillment, creativity, and psychological health (Rogers, 1951). However, critics argue that it lacks empirical rigor and is sometimes too idealistic, underestimating the influence of external pressures, biological needs, and unconscious motives (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Despite limitations, humanistic theory remains relevant in psychotherapy, education, and organizational development for fostering intrinsic motivation.

References

• Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Johnson, S. (2005). Theories of motivation: Historical perspectives and contemporary applications. Journal of Behavioral Studies, 10(2), 45-59.
• Lorenz, K. (1937). Innate behavior and instinct. New York: Henry Holt & Co.
• Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-396.
• Mcdougall, W. (1908). An introduction to social psychology. London: Methuen.
• Rogers, C. R. (1951). Client-centered therapy. Houghton Mifflin.