Select The Appropriate Research Design For Each Question Lis

Select The Appropriate Research Design For Each Question Listed Below

Identify the most suitable research design—such as case study, causal-comparative, content analysis, correlational, experimental, historical, surveys, or qualitative (ethnography)—that aligns with each research question. For each question, determine whether the focus is on understanding perceptions, establishing relationships, examining implementation, or exploring historical events, and select the corresponding design accordingly. Provide only the answers based on the question’s intent and context without additional commentary or explanations.

Paper For Above instruction

The research questions provided require careful consideration of the nature of inquiry—whether they aim to explore perceptions, relationships, implementations, or historical developments. Based on these criteria, the appropriate research designs can be identified as follows:

1. What do elementary school teachers in the San Francisco Unified School District think about full inclusion as practiced in their district?

This question seeks to understand teachers' perceptions regarding full inclusion practices. Since it focuses on collecting detailed qualitative data about attitudes and beliefs without manipulating variables, the most suitable design is qualitative (ethnography). Ethnographic methods allow deep exploration of teachers' experiences and perceptions within their natural context, gaining nuanced insights into their attitudes toward inclusion.

2. Is there a relationship between students' level of social skills and successful transition into mainstream classes?

This question aims to examine the potential correlation between social skills and transition success. Since it involves assessing the association between two variables, correlational research design is most appropriate. This approach allows for statistical analysis of the strength and direction of the relationship between social skills levels and transition outcomes.

3. How do individuals with physical disabilities perceive themselves in comparison to their able-bodied peers in terms of work-related activities?

To explore personal perceptions and subjective experiences of individuals with disabilities, a qualitative (ethnography) approach is suitable. Ethnography can provide rich, detailed insights into self-perceptions and social comparisons, capturing the depth of participants' lived experiences in work contexts.

4. Does a whole-language curriculum lead to higher student achievement than a phonics curriculum?

This research question seeks to determine causality between curriculum type and student achievement. An experimental design, such as a controlled trial, is best suited to test whether implementing a whole-language curriculum results in statistically significant differences in achievement compared to phonics curricula.

5. How are teachers implementing the whole-language approach to reading in their curricula at Harding Elementary School?

This question aims to describe current practices and implementation strategies. A case study approach would provide an in-depth examination of how teachers at a specific school incorporate the whole-language approach, capturing contextual details and specific methods used.

6. What were the key events that led to the demise of affirmative action in state hiring and college admissions in California?

This historical question focuses on understanding past events and their significance. A historical research design is appropriate, involving the analysis of documents, records, and past data to elucidate the sequence and impact of events leading to policy changes.

7. How do magazines targeted at teenagers present information on safe sex practices?

This content analysis question involves examining media content to identify themes, messages, and framing. A content analysis research design allows systematic coding and analysis of magazine articles to understand how safe sex practices are portrayed.

8. Are the reasons Native American Indian students give for dropping out of school different from those given by non-Native American Indian students?

This question compares reasons across two groups and looks for differences or similarities. A causal-comparative (or ex-post facto) design can be employed, examining existing reasons and comparing patterns between Native American Indian students and non-Native students.

Conclusion

In summary, selecting the appropriate research design depends on the specific nature and intent of each research question. Qualitative designs like ethnography are ideal for exploring perceptions and lived experiences, while quantitative approaches such as correlational and experimental designs are suited for examining relationships and causal effects. Content analysis is optimal for studying media portrayals, and historical research offers insights into past events. Carefully aligning research questions with suitable designs ensures valid, reliable, and meaningful findings in educational research.

References

• Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sage Publications.
• Namey, E., et al. (2019). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. Sage Publications.
• Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research. Cengage Learning.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. Sage Publications.
• Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sage Publications.
• Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology. Sage Publications.
• Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction. Pearson.
• Fitzgerald, J., et al. (2017). Historical Research Methods. Routledge.
• Maxwell, J. A. (2013). Qualitative Research Design: An Interactive Approach. Sage Publications.
• Babbie, E. (2016). The Basics of Social Research. Cengage Learning.