Semester 1 2019 Database Concepts Assignment 2 Due Da 400042

Semester 1 2019 Database Conceptshit234 Assignment 2due Datefriday 1

Describe the business situation you wish to design a database for, ensuring it is a real-life scenario and preferably one you are familiar with or interested in. Briefly explain the context in no more than one A4 page, highlighting any unique or difficult aspects. List the business rules governing the scenario, making logical assumptions where necessary. Draw an ER diagram for your proposed database using Chen and Crow's foot notation, including entities, attributes, primary keys, and relationships, with a variety of relationship types and attributes.

Map the ER diagram to Third Normal Form (3NF). Translate the diagram into normalized tables, including all attributes in a flat structure, and identify functional dependencies to ensure 3NF compliance. Present your normalization process as text, showing the relations and dependencies clearly.

Paper For Above instruction

The process of designing a database for a real-life business scenario involves multiple phases starting from understanding and describing the context, creating an Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram, and then normalizing the schema to ensure data integrity and efficiency. In this paper, I will demonstrate this process using a hypothetical example of a sports club, specifically a football (soccer) club, which is complex enough to encompass multiple entities and relationships but manageable within the scope of this assignment.

Business Situation Description

The football club manages various aspects related to its players, coaches, matches, and memberships. It includes information about team rosters, training sessions, match schedules, and membership subscriptions. The club aims to keep track of players' personal details, positions, membership status, match results, and attendance. Coaches are assigned to specific teams and training sessions, and the club may organize different tournaments or leagues annually. The data should allow efficient scheduling, record-keeping, and reporting to support club operations and strategic planning.

Unique aspects of this scenario include managing many-to-many relationships between players and matches, handling multiple team memberships per player over time, and ensuring data consistency for scheduling and results entry. The club also needs to maintain historical data for players and coaches for record purposes.

Business Rules

  • A player can belong to only one team at a time but can switch teams across seasons.
  • Each team has multiple players, but each player belongs to exactly one team at any given time.
  • Players can participate in many matches, and each match involves multiple players (many-to-many).
  • Each match is played on a specific date and location, with designated home and away teams.
  • Coaches are assigned to only one team but can coach multiple teams across different seasons.
  • Members subscribe to the club and have personal details; membership may include different types (e.g., adult, student).
  • Training sessions are scheduled for teams, and attendance is recorded for each session.
  • Results of matches are recorded, including scores, goal scorers, and any disciplinary actions.

ER Diagram Construction

The ER diagram for this scenario comprises entities such as Player, Coach, Team, Match, Membership, TrainingSession, and Attendance. Relationships include:

  • Team has many Players (one-to-many)
  • Player participates in many Matches, and each Match involves many Players (many-to-many)
  • Team has many TrainingSessions (one-to-many)
  • TrainingSession has Attendance records for each Player (many-to-many via an Attendance entity)
  • Coach is assigned to a Team (many-to-one)
  • Membership links to Player (one-to-one or one-to-many if multiple memberships are allowed over time)

Attributes include PlayerID, PlayerName, PlayerPosition, CoachID, CoachName, TeamID, TeamName, MatchID, MatchDate, Location, Score, MembershipID, MemberType, SessionID, SessionDate, AttendanceID, Status, GoalsScored, DisciplinaryActions, etc.

Normalization to 3NF

Starting from the ER diagram, the tables derived include:

  • Players (PlayerID PK, Name, Position, TeamID FK, MembershipID FK)
  • Teams (TeamID PK, Name, CoachID FK)
  • Coaches (CoachID PK, Name, ContactDetails)
  • Matches (MatchID PK, Date, Location, HomeTeamID FK, AwayTeamID FK, Result)
  • Memberships (MembershipID PK, MemberType, StartDate, EndDate, PlayerID FK)
  • TrainingSessions (SessionID PK, TeamID FK, Date, Location)
  • Attendance (AttendanceID PK, SessionID FK, PlayerID FK, Status)

Functional dependencies exist between primary keys and non-key attributes. For example, PlayerID determines PlayerName, Position, etc. The design ensures that all non-key attributes depend solely on the primary key and not on any other non-key attribute, satisfying 3NF. This normalization eliminates redundancy and maintains data integrity.

In conclusion, the design process involved selecting a manageable real-world scenario, defining business rules, constructing an ER diagram with diverse relationship types, and normalizing the schema into at least third normal form. Proper normalization ensures efficient, consistent, and scalable database management aligned with the operational needs of a sports club.

References

  • Hoffer, J. A., Ramesh, V., & Topi, H. (2016). Modern Database Management (12th ed.). Pearson.
  • Connolly, T., & Begg, C. (2014). Database Systems (6th ed.). Pearson.
  • Ramakrishnan, R., & Gehrke, J. (2003). Database Management Systems (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill.

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