Sheet1 Name: Concept Definition And Usage

Sheet1 Name: CONCEPT DEFINITION/Usage CONCEPT DEFINITION/Usage SOCIAL EXPLANATIONS OF DEVIANCE SOCIAL STRUCTURE Neoclassical School SOCIAL ORDER Defensible Space SOCIAL CONTROL Nothing Works doctrine PERSPECTIVES OF SOCIAL ORDER/CONTROL Rational Choice Routine Activities Structural-functionalism (Consensus) Seductions and emotions of crime solidarity (organic/mechanical) Situational Choice Consensus Biological Causes Systemic Interdependence Sociobiology Symbolic Interaction Psychological Theories shared pragmatic meanings Sublimation development of "self" Personality Theories identity and self as source of morality Behavior Theory Conflict Modeling Theory Power/ Material & Ideological dominance Attachment Theory Oppression Self-Control Theory Behaviorism (Social Learning) Social Disorder/Structure Exchange Theory Anomie PERSPECTIVES OF JUSTICE Strain - Relative Deprivation Just deserts Structural Anomie social equality Opportunity Theory social order Subculture Theories Liberty (vs. Social Control) Social Learning Theories SOCIAL CONTROL PHILOSOPHIES Differential Association Socialization/rehabilitation Differential Association- Reinforc Punishment (Corp/ridicule) / reward Differential Identification Direct Deterrence/General Deterrence Self-Motives -- Pragmatic Self Retribution Role Theories Incapacitation Spoiled Identity Theories / Stigma (incarceration, Banishment, mutilation, etc) Social Control Theory DEVIANCE Neutralization Theory Deviation (statistical definitions) Containment Theory Defiance (legal definitions) Control-Balance Theory Morality (relative definitions) Social Bond Theory Intent Conflict Theories Outcome Structural Based Behavior/Attitude Itself Marxist/Economic Theory Norms Discrimination Theories Mores/Folkways Feminist Theories Sacred/Profane Subculture Theories OTHER CONCEPTS: Interaction/symbolic Based Labeling Primary/Secondary Deviance Use of Course Concepts/Application Stigma (Spoiled Identity Theories) Accuracy of Usage Writing Coherency Organization SCORE: Sheet2 Sheet3 A written report on type of crime or deviance: Stalking -The report should be a full analysis of a behavior area to include: the historical and current aspects of “defianceâ€, “deviationâ€, and areas of “morality†(explanation of why and how it became criminal or deviant), why various perspectives and theories may logically explain the crime and why various perspectives and theories don’t logically explain the crime. Discuss the various control philosophies and how they may affect the frequency and morality of the crime. Lastly propose circumstances that you believe would decrease the frequency of the crime. -APA or ASA format required. - at least 15 pages - completion of full analysis . -Students are encouraged to have professor review drafts for feedback. Successful student will: Demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of all/most course content. Practice application of course content by full analysis of a crime category.

Paper For Above instruction

Stalking, a form of criminal deviance characterized by repeated, unwanted, and intrusive behaviors directed toward a specific individual, has evolved from a minor interpersonal disturbance to a recognized criminal offense with significant psychological and social consequences. The comprehensive analysis of stalking involves understanding its historical and current depiction within societal norms, legal frameworks, and various theoretical perspectives that explain its emergence, persistence, and the potential avenues for prevention.

Historically, behaviors akin to stalking were often dismissed as personal disputes or misdemeanors. However, over the past few decades, societal shifts, technological advancements, and a growing awareness of victims' rights have reclassified persistent unwanted attention as criminal. The psychological foundation of stalking involves obsessive focus, power/control dynamics, and sometimes fame or notoriety motives, which contribute to its criminalization. The criminalization process reflects a moral consensus that such behaviors violate societal norms of personal safety and autonomy, positioning stalking within the realm of deviance and criminal conduct.

Various theories and perspectives provide insight into why stalking occurs and why it persists. Strain theory suggests that individuals experiencing frustrations or inability to achieve personal goals may resort to stalking as a maladaptive coping mechanism or a means of exerting control. Social learning theories emphasize the role of reinforcement—individuals learn stalking behaviors through exposure to practices that normalize or reward such conduct, particularly within certain subcultures or environments that diminish social sanctions. Symbolic interactionism underscores the importance of the "meaning" attached to these behaviors, where societal labels and perceived identities influence the victim-perpetrator dynamics.

The structural-functionalism perspective views stalking as a disruption to social cohesion and order, emphasizing how societal institutions such as law enforcement and mental health systems respond to and regulate such behaviors. Conversely, conflict theories focus on the power differentials and social inequalities that enable stalking, particularly where marginalized or socially subordinate groups are more vulnerable.

Control philosophies and social control theories significantly impact the prevalence and morality associated with stalking. Approaches emphasizing formal social control—legal sanctions, stricter enforcement, and protective laws—tend to reduce the incidence by increasing perceived risks for perpetrators and reinforcing societal norms against such behaviors. On the other hand, normative or rehabilitative perspectives advocate for socialization, education, and intervention programs aimed at changing individual behaviors before they escalate into criminal acts.

To effectively decrease the frequency of stalking, a multi-faceted approach is necessary. Strengthening legal protections, increasing public awareness, and fostering community support can deter potential stalkers. Education initiatives that challenge cultural norms that tolerate or romanticize obsessive behaviors, combined with early intervention programs targeting at-risk individuals, can preempt escalation. Technological monitoring, such as restraining orders and surveillance, also serve as deterrents.

Integrating insights from primary theories such as social learning, strain, and control theories provides a comprehensive framework for understanding and combating stalking. Recognizing the role of social and individual factors—such as societal perceptions of gender, power, and privacy—supports tailored intervention strategies. Addressing the moral and social perceptions that normalize or stigmatize stalking behaviors significantly influences both the prevalence and the societal response.

In conclusion, stalking represents a complex interplay of social, psychological, and structural factors. Its criminalization reflects a societal consensus on morality and personal security. By leveraging various theoretical insights and control philosophies, policymakers, law enforcement, and communities can implement more effective strategies to prevent and address stalking, ultimately reducing its occurrence and impact on victims.

References

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