Short Paper Assignment Allows You Early In The Course To Dem

Short Paper Assignment Allows You Early In The Course To Demonstrate

Short Paper Assignment allows you, early in the course, to demonstrate your research skills to your instructor and to receive feedback that will benefit you when you write your research paper. With this assignment, you will learn how to do proper and adequate research and write a short paper and prepare you for writing the research paper. This short paper is at least three double-spaced pages of text (Times New Roman, font size 12) and you must consult a minimum of two academically credible sources. Bibliographies and citations will be in the Chicago Manual of Style format. The short paper needs to be turned in through the assignment section for grading.

If you use any of the information from your sources word-for-word, you must cite the source by using endnotes or footnotes. If you read the information and write it in your own words, and it is not common knowledge, then you must cite the source because you are paraphrasing someone's information. The short paper must include a cover page with your name, course number and course title, instructor's name, and date. You must also include a bibliography at the end of your paper. While composing your paper, use proper English.

Do not use abbreviations, contractions, passive voice, or first/second person (I, you, we, our, etc). Before submitting your paper, check your grammar and use spell check. Remember, the way you talk is not the way you write a paper. Please label your paper as follows: lastnamefirstnameHIST222ShortPaper. Topic Choice: (1.) Jim Crow

Paper For Above instruction

The Jim Crow era, spanning from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century, represents a dark chapter in American history characterized by institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. This period profoundly affected social, political, and economic aspects of life for Black Americans and left a lasting legacy that continues to influence discussions on race and equality today.

Jim Crow laws were enacted primarily in Southern states, systematically segregating public spaces such as schools, transportation, hospitals, and even prisons. These laws were justified by the prevailing ideology of white supremacy, which sought to maintain racial hierarchies and economic advantages for whites at the expense of Black citizens. Initially, these laws were implemented through local ordinances and customs, but over time they became codified through state legislation, making segregation a legal norm (Woodward, 1955).

The impact of Jim Crow laws extended beyond legal segregation. They fostered widespread social discrimination, economic disenfranchisement, and political marginalization of African Americans. Segregation in education led to significant disparities in the quality of schooling received by Black students compared to their white counterparts, perpetuating cycles of poverty and limiting social mobility (Anderson, 1988). Discriminatory practices also permeated employment, with Black Americans often relegated to the lowest-paying jobs and denied opportunities for advancement.

One of the most infamous manifestations of Jim Crow was the practice of "separate but equal," established by the 1896 Supreme Court case Plessy v. Ferguson. While the ruling purported to legitimize segregation, in reality, it sanctioned unequal conditions by allowing for racial separation as long as facilities were considered equivalent, which they rarely were (Lassiter, 2004). This doctrine reinforced racial divisions and emboldened segregationist policies across the South and beyond.

The struggle against Jim Crow gained momentum with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s. Landmark events such as the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 challenged the legality of segregated schools, leading to a slow process of desegregation. Additionally, acts of civil disobedience, such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott and protests at Little Rock Central High School, played pivotal roles in dismantling Jim Crow laws and ideals (Garrow, 2010).

Despite the formal end of Jim Crow laws in the 1960s, their legacy persists. Structural inequalities, racial biases, and systemic discrimination continue to influence American society. Recognizing the history of Jim Crow is essential to understanding contemporary issues of racial justice and inequality. Efforts to address disparities in education, employment, and criminal justice remain necessary to combat the enduring effects of this oppressive era.

References

• Anderson, C. A. (1988). The Education of Blacks in the South, 1860-1935. University of North Carolina Press.
• Garrow, D. J. (2010). Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr., and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference. HarperOne.
• Lassiter, M. D. (2004). The Silent Majority: Suburban Politics in the Sunbelt South. Princeton University Press.
• Woodward, C. V. (1955). The Strange Career of Jim Crow. Oxford University Press.