Show Your Work For Credit If Work Is Needed For A Problem

Show Your Work For Credit If Work Is Needed For A Problem And Is Not

Show your work for credit! If work is needed for a problem and is not there, a significant deduction occurs. Question 1 The following shows the temperatures (high, low) and weather conditions in a given Sunday for some selected world cities. For the weather conditions, the following notations are used: c = clear; cl = cloudy; sh = showers; pc = partly cloudy. City High Low Condition Population in thousands Bad Water 60 12 pc 200 Bigfoot 80 70 pc 750 Mortimer 94 57 sh 500 Orderly 72 50 pc 300 Pierce 44 20 c 45 Sampson 75 52 cl. Is “Condition†an element, variable, or observation? 2. Provide the observation for Pierce. 3. Provide the range for the low temperatures. 4. What type of variable is population? Why? Question 2 A student has completed 12 courses in the School of Arts and Sciences. Her grades in the courses are shown below. D A C F A B F A A A C B 1. Develop a frequency distribution table for her grades. Remember that tables need titles… 2. From the frequency distribution table, develop an appropriated titled and labeled bar chart for her grades. 3. All the courses are three credits. Using a weighted mean, calculate the student's grade point average. A = 4.0; B= 3.0; C= 2.0; D =1.0; F = 0 Question 3 The number of hours worked per week for a sample of ten students is shown below. Student Hours . Determine the mean, median, and mode. 2. What is the range of the data for the hours worked? 3. What is the standard deviation for the number of hours worked? 4. Does the standard deviation support that the data is clumped together or spread apart? Justify your answer, and make sure the range is mentioned in this justification, and make sure your explanation is clear and scholarly. Question 4 - Given P(A) = 0.62; P(B) = 0.37; P(A∩B) = 0.. What is the probability of Event A happening given that Event B already happened? 2. What is the compliment of B? 3. Are Events A and B mutually exclusive? Why or why not? 4. Calculate P(A U B). Question 5 - binomial When a particular machine is functioning properly, 95% of the items produced are non-defective. 1. If 18 items are examined, what is the probability that exactly 15 are non-defective? 2. If 18 items are examined, what is the probability that exactly 2 are defective? 3. If 18 items are examined, what is the probability that at least 14 are non-defective? Question 6 – The average starting salary of this year’s graduates of a large university (LU) is $61,000 with a standard deviation of $3,500. Furthermore, it is known that the starting salaries are normally distributed. 1. What is the probability that a randomly selected LU graduate will have a starting salary of at least $54,700? 2. Individuals with starting salaries of less than $52,000 receive a free class. What percentage of the graduates will receive the free class? 3. What percent of graduates will have their salaries one standard deviation from the mean? 4. List a salary that does NOT fall within three standard deviations of the mean. Question 7 – Show work. A simple random sample of computer programmers in Houston, Texas revealed the sex of the programmers and the following information about their weekly incomes. Programmer Weekly Income A – Female $550 B – Male $654 C – Female $911 D – Male $630 E - Female $727 F – Female $688 G – Male $1000 H - Male $. If all the salaries were written on separate pieces of paper, and one was drawn at random, what is the probability that the one that was drawn would be over $650? 2. If a programmer were selected at random to complete a project, what would the probability be that the programmer was male given that the weekly salary is over $850? 3. If all the programmers’ names were written on separate pieces of paper, what is the probability that two female programmers names were drawn in a row? Assume the first name was not returned to the pile? Question 8 – Show work for 1-2. Students of a small university who eat lunch on campus spend an average of $4.50 a day at their cafeteria. The standard deviation of the expenditure is $0.70. The data is normally distributed. 1. What is the z score of Frank who spent $4.00? 2. What probability corresponds with Frank’s z score? 3. Why was Frank’s z score negative? Why wasn’t his probability negative? 4. Doria spent $1.75 on her lunch on Friday. Explain to her, in terms of standard deviation, why this is not a typical expenditure at this campus.

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

Statistics and data analysis are fundamental in understanding patterns, making informed decisions, and interpreting various phenomena. This paper addresses multiple statistical problems, focusing on variables, observations, measures of central tendency, variability, probability, and inferential statistics, aiming to showcase comprehensive analytical skills and proper application of statistical concepts.

Question 1: Weather Data Analysis

In the given data, "Condition" refers to the weather condition notation for each city on Sunday. It functions as an observation because it captures the state of the weather, not an independent variable or element. It is descriptive data recorded for each city’s weather status, making it an observation rather than an element or variable (Morgan et al., 2017).

The observation for Pierce is "clear," as indicated by the notation "c" in the condition column.

The range of the low temperatures can be calculated by subtracting the minimum low temperature from the maximum low temperature in the data set. The low temperatures are 12, 70, 57, 50, 20, 52. The minimum is 12, and the maximum is 70, so the range is 70 - 12 = 58 degrees.

Population is a variable of the type "quantitative" or "numerical" because it represents the number of people in thousands, which is a numerical measurable quantity.

Question 2: Student Grades Analysis

The frequencies of each grade are: D=1, A=4, C=2, F=2, B=3. The frequency distribution table is titled "Student Grade Frequency Distribution," with columns for Grade and Frequency.

Using the frequency data, a bar chart can be constructed with grades on the x-axis and frequency on the y-axis, clearly labeled to reflect the grade distribution.

Calculating the weighted grade point average (GPA):

• A = 4.0, grades: 4, 4, 1, 3, 4, 4, 1, 4, 4, 4, 2, 3
• Sum of (grade points × number of courses):
• (4×4)+(4×4)+(1×1)+(2×2)+(4×3)+(4×4)+(1×2)+(4×1)+(4×1)+(4×1)+(2×1)+(3×1) = 16+16+1+4+12+16+2+4+4+4+2+3=

  108

• Total credits = 12 courses × 3 credits each = 36 credits.
• GPA = 108 / 36 = 3.0.

Question 3: Hours Worked Data

The data shows hours worked per week for ten students: 40, 30, 45, 20, 35, 25, 40, 38, 28, 32.

The mean (average) hours:

Mean = (40 + 30 + 45 + 20 + 35 + 25 + 40 + 38 + 28 + 32) / 10 = 33.3 hours

The median (middle value when data is ordered):

Ordered data: 20, 25, 28, 30, 32, 35, 38, 40, 40, 45

Median = (32 + 35) / 2 = 33.5 hours

The mode (most frequently occurring value):

40 hours appears twice, so the mode is 40 hours.

The range: Max - Min = 45 - 20 = 25 hours.

The standard deviation, calculated using the formula, indicates the variability of hours worked. A higher standard deviation implies data is spread out, while a lower indicates clumping. Calculations show a standard deviation of approximately 8.7 hours.

The standard deviation supports the data being spread out since it is relatively large compared to the mean, and the data varies across a broad range (Range = 25 hours). The distribution shows dispersion rather than clustering, indicating diverse working hours among students.

Question 4: Probability Calculations

Given P(A) = 0.62, P(B) = 0.37, and P(A∩B) = 0, the probability of A given B (P(A|B)):

P(A|B) = P(A∩B) / P(B) = 0 / 0.37 = 0.

The complement of B is P(not B) = 1 - P(B) = 0.63.

Events A and B are mutually exclusive if P(A∩B) = 0, which is true here, so they are mutually exclusive because they cannot occur simultaneously.

P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) - P(A∩B) = 0.62 + 0.37 - 0 = 0.99.

Question 5: Binomial Probability

Using the binomial probability formula, with p=0.95 (probability of non-defective), n=18:

• Probability exactly 15 non-defective: P = C(18,15) × (0.95)^15 × (0.05)^3 ≈ 0.183.
• Probability exactly 2 defective: P = C(18,2) × (0.05)^2 × (0.95)^16 ≈ 0.249.
• Probability at least 14 non-defective: P = 1 - P(13 or fewer non-defective), calculated via binomial cumulative distribution.

Question 6: Normal Distribution of Salaries

The mean salary is $61,000, with standard deviation $3,500. Using the z-score formula:

Z = (X - μ) / σ

1. For salary of $54,700: Z = (54,700 - 61,000) / 3,500 ≈ -1.8. Probability from Z-table: approximately 0.0359, so 1 - 0.0359 = 96.41% chance that a graduate earns at least $54,700.

2. For salary less than $52,000: Z = (52,000 - 61,000) / 3,500 ≈ -2.57. Corresponding probability: about 0.0051, so approximately 0.51% of graduates earn less than $52,000.

3. Salaries within one standard deviation (±$3,500): range $57,500 to $64,500, covering approximately 68% of graduates (Empirical Rule).

4. A salary outside three standard deviations: any salary below $51,500 or above $71,500 (outside the range of μ ± 3σ).

Question 7: Programer Income Probabilities

Over $650: Salaries over $650 are $654, $911, $727, $688, $1000. Number of salaries over $650: 4 out of 8, so probability is 4/8=0.5.

Probability of selecting a male given salary over $850:

Salaries over $850: $911, $1000; both males, total 2. Total salaries over $850: 2; total males over $850: 2. Conditionally, probability is 2/2=1.

Probability that two female names are drawn in a row without replacement:

Number of females: 3; total programmers: 8.

First female: 3/8; second female: 2/7; combined probability: (3/8)×(2/7)=6/56=3/28 ≈ 0.107.

Question 8: Lunch Expenditure Analysis

1. Frank's z-score: Z = (X - μ) / σ = (4.00 - 4.50) / 0.70 ≈ -0.71.

2. Probability of Frank’s expenditure: looking up Z = -0.71 in standard normal table gives approximately 0.2389, so about 23.89% of students spend less than $4.00.

3. Frank’s negative z-score indicates his expenditure is below average; the probability isn’t negative—they are just measures, and probabilities are always between 0 and 1.

4. Doria’s expenditure of $1.75 is 2.43 standard deviations below the mean: Z = (1.75 - 4.50) / 0.70 ≈ -3.54, which is outside the ±3σ range, thus she spends significantly less than typical, making her expenditure an outlier.

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