Sieve Analysis Test Results And Soil Classification

Sieve analysis test results and soil classification

On January 19, 2018, a sieve analysis was conducted adhering to the ASTM D-422 standard to determine the grain size distribution of a soil sample provided for testing. The soil appeared visually as predominantly sand, characterized by its olive gray coloration. The primary objective of this analysis was to classify the soil based on particle size distribution, which is essential for understanding its engineering properties and suitability for construction or other geotechnical applications.

The procedure involved passing the soil sample through a series of standard sieves with specified openings, then weighing the amount retained on each sieve to calculate the percentage of particles finer than each size. The sample was carefully prepared, dried, and screened according to ASTM procedures. During the test, a small mass loss of approximately 0.13% was noted, likely due to measurement sensitivity, but this was within acceptable limits for the analysis.

The attachments accompanying this report include detailed data tables and graphical representations of the grain size distribution. Specifically, Attachment-A contains the raw laboratory observation data, while Attachment-B presents the calculations performed to derive the particle size distribution curve. Table 1 provides the percent finer for various particle sizes, and Figure 1 depicts the grain size distribution graphically with percent passing versus sieve opening on a logarithmic scale. Table 2 summarizes the gradation coefficients, including the coefficient of uniformity (Cu) and coefficient of curvature (Cc), which are critical for determining soil gradation.

The findings from the laboratory indicate that the soil is predominantly sand, with 97.6% of the particles finer than 4.75 mm, and no gravel content. The calculated D10 is 0.14 mm, D30 is 0.45 mm, and D60 is 1.10 mm. The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) was measured at 7.8, and the coefficient of curvature (Cc) was approximately 1. This combination of gradation parameters suggests that the soil is well graded, as Cu exceeds 6 and Cc falls between 1 and 3, implying a diverse range of particle sizes which may enhance the soil's stability and permeability characteristics.

Further analysis is recommended, including hydrometer, liquid limit, and plastic limit tests, to obtain a comprehensive soil classification and to assess its Plasticity Index and other geotechnical properties accurately. Understanding these parameters aids engineers in designing foundations, assessing stability, and predicting soil behavior under load.

Should there be any questions regarding this analysis or additional data requirements, inquiries can be directed to the author via email at john.smith@email.com. This report aims to provide a clear depiction of the soil’s grain size distribution and its implications for geotechnical evaluation.

Sincerely,

John Smith

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Paper For Above instruction

The process of sieve analysis is fundamental in geotechnical engineering for evaluating soil properties based on particle size distribution. Conducted on January 19, 2018, this analysis adhered strictly to ASTM D-422 standards, ensuring methodological consistency and reliability of results. The primary goal was to classify the provided soil sample visually and analytically, aiding in understanding its suitability for various engineering applications.

The soil sample visually appeared as sand, colored olive gray, suggesting a predominance of granular particles with minimal fines. Such a visual classification provides initial insight, but precise analysis through sieve testing is essential for definitive classification and engineering judgment. The soil's particle size distribution influences its permeability, compaction, shear strength, and overall stability. Accordingly, characterizing these properties underpins foundation design, slope stability assessments, and earthworks planning.

The sieving procedure involved passing the soil through a stacked series of sieves with decreasing openings, thoroughly shaking the assembly to sediment particles, and weighing the retained and passing fractions. Data from the test revealed that 97.6% of particles were finer than 4.75 mm, predominantly sand-sized particles, with no gravel present. The small mass loss (approximately 0.13%) during testing was attributed to equipment sensitivity and was deemed acceptable.

The accompanying data tables and graphical charts offer a detailed view of the particle size distribution. Table 1 tabulates the percent finer for each sieve size, while Figure 1 presents a grain size distribution curve plotting percent passing versus sieve opening on a logarithmic scale. This visualization clearly illustrates the gradation of particles, confirming the predominantly sandy nature of the soil.

Analysis of the gradation coefficients yielded a coefficient of uniformity (Cu) of 7.8 and a coefficient of curvature (Cc) of approximately 1. These values indicate that the soil is well graded, containing a range of particle sizes that promote good compaction and permeability. The D10, D30, and D60 are 0.14 mm, 0.45 mm, and 1.10 mm, respectively, further supporting this classification. Such particles are typical of well-graded sands, which are often desirable in construction for their stability and drainage properties.

The importance of this analysis extends beyond simple classification. Understanding the gradation helps in predicting the soil's behavior under various loadings and environmental conditions. Well-graded sands typically exhibit high permeability and moderate to high shear strength but can vary depending on other factors like moisture content, plasticity, and binder materials. Thus, further tests, including hydrometer analysis, liquid limit, and plastic limit tests, are recommended to develop a comprehensive soil profile.

Hydrometer analysis provides insight into the finer particle fractions not captured by sieving, especially silt and clay. The liquid and plastic limits inform about the soil’s plasticity behavior, potential for swelling or shrinkage, and its general engineering capacity. These properties are crucial in designing foundations, embankments, and retaining structures, ensuring safety and longevity.

The findings of this sieve analysis hold value for geotechnical engineers, construction managers, and environmental specialists. Accurate particle size gradation informs decisions regarding soil stabilization, compaction techniques, and drainage design. The dataset indicates a soil amenable to compaction, with good drainage characteristics, suitable for use as a structural fill or sub-base material.

In conclusion, the sieve analysis established that the soil is predominantly a well-graded sand, supporting its use in various geotechnical applications. Further laboratory testing will refine this classification and provide detailed insights into the soil's plasticity, shear strength, and permeability. These data collectively contribute to more informed engineering decisions, ensuring safe and effective design and construction practices.

References

• ASTM International. (2018). ASTM D-422 / D422M-06(2018), Standard Test Methods for Particle-Size Analysis of Soil. ASTM International.
• Das, B. M. (2017). Principles of geotechnical engineering (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• Fellenius, H. O. (2016). Soil Mechanics and Foundations. Springer.
• Budhu, M. (2010). Soil Mechanics and Foundations. John Wiley & Sons.
• Sharma, S. K. (2013). Soil Testing and Slope Stability. Standard Publishers.
• Craig, R. F. (2012). Soil Mechanics. CRC Press.
• Holtz, R. D., & Kovacs, W. D. (1981). An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering. Prentice-Hall.
• Bowles, J. E. (1996). Foundation Analysis and Design. McGraw-Hill.
• Terzaghi, K., & Peck, R. B. (1996). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice. John Wiley & Sons.
• Dasgupta, P., & Mukherjee, S. (2014). Geotechnical Engineering: Principles & Practices. McGraw-Hill Education.