Soc 205 Test 3 Chapters 8–10 Open Book All Answers Come From

Soc 205test 3 Chapters 8 9 10open Bookall Answers Come From The Boo

Soc 205 Test 3 (Chapters 8, 9 10) Open Book All answers come from the book. Chapter 8 (2 points per question) Listing Name 3 unearned factors that often give children advantages and disadvantages over others. 1.C 2. C 3.C Fill in the blank. 4. One unearned factor is ____________, for a child cannot determine or control whom his biological parents were that were instrumental in giving birth to him. 5. A teenager who has an expensive car is regarded as having _______________cultural capital. It can convey status of the teen-ager or his or her family. 6._______________cultural capital includes the words and languages one hears, has acquired, and now uses to communicate with others, to think about the world, and to present oneself to others. 7. In the textbook, it says that if a person can dress like a doctor and has straight teeth, then this person possesses _____________________cultural capital. 8. _______________ designates a person’s overall economic and social status in a system of social stratification, according to the textbook. 9. According to ________________________, people completely lacking in skills, property, or employment constitute the very bottom of the class system. They form the negatively privileged property class. 10. A ________________ group is an amorphous group of people held together by virtue of a lifestyle that has come to be “expected of all those who wish to belong to the circle” and by the level of social esteem accorded them. 11. The_____________ poor or urban underclass consist of diverse groups of families and individuals living in the inner city who are “outside the mainstream of the American occupational system and consequently represent the very bottom of the economic hierarchy”. Listing According to Herbert Gans, a sociologist, name two reasons that poverty still exists. 12. 13. Chapter 9 Fill in the blank below. (2 points) per question. 14.______________ consists of people within a larger society who possess a group consciousness based on the real or imagined belief that they share a common ancestry, a history, a homeland, key experience, or some other distinctive trait that captures the “essence of their peoplehood”. 15. ______________ ______________________is a process by which people don’t know about, forget, dismiss, or fail to pass on an ethnic heritage. In the United States, those classified as white have a great deal of freedom to claim a European ethnic identity but to “forget” a non-European ethnicity, such as Kikuyu, one of Kenya’s many ethnic groups. 16. _______________ _________________ occurs when someone discovers an ethnic identity, as when an adopted child learns about and identifies with newly found biological relatives, or a person learns about and revives lost traditions. 17._________________ ____________________ describes a government or dominant group that creates an ethnic category. Often the people assigned to that category come from many different cultures and countries. 18. _____________ ethnic group is the most advantaged ethnic group in a society; it is the ethnic group that possesses the greatest access to valued resources, including political power. 19. _______________________ethnicity is a sense of self that is based on little to no awareness of an ethnic identity because its language, norms, beliefs, and values are so pervasive that they are considered normative, or mainstream. Listing Sociologist Louis Wirth (1945) identified a number of essential traits that are characteristic of disadvantaged status. List these five essential traits below. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. Fill in the blank. 26. _______________________is a process by which ethnic and racial distinctions between groups disappear because one group is absorbed into another group’s culture or because two cultures blend to form a new culture. 27. _______________________is a rigid and usually unfavorable judgment about some category of people that does not change in the face of contradictory evidence. That judgment is typically applied to anyone who belongs to that category. 28.___________________ is not an attitude but a behavior. It includes intentional or unintentional unequal treatment of individuals or groups based on attributes unrelated to merit, ability, or past performance. Chapter 10 Fill in the blank below. 29. _____________is a biological distinction determined by primary sex characteristics or the anatomical traits essential to reproduction. 30. _________________ ___________ characteristics are used to distinguish one sex from another. These physical traits (such as breast development, quality of voice, distribution of facial and body hair, and skeletal form) are not essential to reproduction but result from the action of so-called male (androgen) and female (estrogen) hormones. 31. ____________________is a social distinction based on culturally conceived and learned ideals about appropriate appearance, behavior, and mental and emotional characteristics for males and females. 32. ______________ _____________________ draws our attention to the ways daily activities are organized around gender ideals, including what we wear, the time to wake up in the morning, what to do before going to bed at night, the things to worry about, and even ways of expressing emotion and experiencing sexual attraction. 33. _____________________ _______________________ refers to “an enduring pattern of emotional, romantic, and/or sexual attractions to men, women, or both sexes. 34. ______________ is the belief that one sex—and by extension, one gender—is superior to another, and that this superiority justifies inequalities between sexes. 35. ________________ is a point of view that advocates equal opportunity for men and women. 36. Females often are subordinate to ______________, a gender term. 37. Which sex often has a shorter life span? Circle Male or female? 38. The commercialization of gender _______________ is the process of introducing products into the market by using advertising and sales campaigns that promise consumers they will achieve masculine and feminine ideals if they buy and use the products. 39. The term fa’afa’ fine defines in a third gender in the country of S________________. 40. Boys who violate “socialization” rules are often labeled “________________”. 41-45. Essay. Please answer below in five (5) and only five (5) complete sentences. Each sentence is worth 2 points. (10 points). Write your answer in a paragraph, please. What do you as a student believe is a problem with a little boy who does not learn appropriate gender related behaviors defined as masculine in the text? Do you believe that these learned behaviors can lead to homosexuality among males? Why or why not? 46-47. Essay. Please answer below in two (2) and only two (2) complete sentences. Each sentence is worth 2 points. (4 points). Write your answer in a paragraph, please. Regarding income inequality, why do women often earn less than men? What do you as a student attribute Asian Americans earning higher incomes per individual on a national level in the United States as opposed to other racial groups of people such as White Caucasian, African American, or Hispanic? Why do you think that Asian Americans on the average earn more per individual in America? 48-50. Essay. Please answer below in three (3) and only three (3) complete sentences. Each sentence is worth 2 points. (6 points). Write your answer in a paragraph, please. Should the United States raise the minimum wage to $15.00 per hour, according to Senator Bernie Sanders? Why or why not? Would raising the minimum wage lift some poor people out of poverty? Why or why not?

Paper For Above instruction

The assignment encompasses a comprehensive analysis of sociological concepts across three chapters, focusing on social stratification, ethnicity, race, and gender. It begins with identifying unearned advantages and disadvantages children inherit, such as family background, cultural capital, and social standing, emphasizing the role of these factors in perpetuating social inequality. The discussion extends to the reasons why poverty persists, referencing Herbert Gans’ insights on structural barriers and societal factors. Additionally, it explores ethnicity, defined as a shared group consciousness based on common heritage, including processes of ethnic forgetting, discovery, and government-created categories, while distinguishing between advantaged and marginalized ethnic groups. The paper examines Louis Wirth’s traits of disadvantaged status and the dynamics of racial and ethnic assimilation, alongside prejudice and discrimination as behaviors rooted in stereotypes and rigid judgments. Moving into gender, the essay discusses biological sex distinctions, gender roles, societal organizing principles around gender ideals, and sexual orientation, alongside the social construction of gender and its commercial reinforcement through advertising. It also addresses gender inequality, gender-specific health disparities, and cultural variations in gender identity, such as third gender roles. The discussion concludes with reflections on the societal implications of gender socialization, the impact of gender norms on individual development, and the debate around increasing the minimum wage, including potential effects on poverty alleviation, based on current sociological perspectives. This synthesis offers a detailed, scholarly exploration of social stratification, ethnicity, and gender, integrating theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence to understand ongoing social inequalities and identity formation in contemporary society.

References

• Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (pp. 241-258). Greenwood.
• Gans, H. (1995). The neglect of poverty. Society, 32(4), 53-59.
• Henley, M. (2014). Race and ethnicity: The social construction of identity. Routledge.
• Livingstone, D. (2011). Gender and society. In Gender roles and socialization. Academic Press.
• Wirth, L. (1945). Urbanism as a way of life. American Journal of Sociology, 50(4), 457-472.
• Crenshaw, K. (1991). Mapping the margins: Intersectionality, identity politics, and violence against women of color. Stanford Law Review, 43(6), 1241-1299.
• Lorber, J. (1994). Paradoxes of gender. Yale University Press.
• Connell, R. W. (2005). Gender (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
• Hochschild, A. R., & Machung, A. (2012). The Second Shift: Working Families and the Revolution at Home. Penguin.
• Bernie Sanders. (2021). Why we need a $15 minimum wage. The New York Times.