Some Of Your Responses May Require Additional Academi 284460

Some Of Your Responses May Require Additional Academic Support Beyond

Some of your responses may require additional academic support beyond the textbook, scholarly sources are books, peer-reviewed journals, and scholarly websites: examples .gov, .edu, .org, examples (National Institute of Mental Health, APA.org, WEBMD, (MayoClinic) – Please include your references 1.Explain the factors/reasons for later life expectancy in late Adulthood. Explain some of the gender differences, genetic factors/differences, and ethnic differences, and other variables that could play a role. Name three different types of health related concerns in late adulhood- example nutrition, mobility, eye sight etc. (please provide outside academic support-reference) 2.Explain the different types of great parenting styles explain alzheimers and dementia and some of the different treatment modalities being used medically( examples medications) and non medical-interventions (please provide outside academic support)- issues with memory decline and brain matter 3.Discuss some of the interventions that can be used for patients nearing death. Explain the Classic Grief Work Model. Explain Kubler-Ross Death and Dying Cycle- Explain if everyone grieves in all the stages or can people skipped stages-explain your answer. (provide academic support support) Explain some of the ethical and moral issues of “The Right To Die†and the different types of euthanasia 4.Name two constructs that you learned from from the/videos/reading/powerpoints/clips posted on the chapters from adolescence-death and dying

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding the various aspects of late adulthood, including factors influencing life expectancy, health concerns, and psychological processes related to dying and grief, provides crucial insights into aging and end-of-life care. This comprehensive discussion synthesizes current scholarly research on these topics, emphasizing biological, psychological, and social dimensions in late adulthood.

Factors Influencing Later Life Expectancy

Several interrelated factors influence life expectancy in late adulthood. Genetic predispositions play a significant role, with studies indicating that longevity has a hereditary component, as evidenced by long-lived families demonstrating specific genetic markers (Barzilai et al., 2010). Gender differences are also pronounced; women tend to live longer than men worldwide, which is attributed partly to biological differences such as hormonal influences, particularly estrogen's protective effects, and behavioral factors including health-related behaviors and social engagement (Gruenewald et al., 2006). Ethnic disparities are evident, with some ethnic groups experiencing higher life expectancies due to socioeconomic status, healthcare access, and cultural practices impacting health behaviors (Miller et al., 2017). Other variables affecting longevity include lifestyle choices, such as diet and exercise; social support; psychological resilience; and access to quality healthcare.

Health-Related Concerns in Late Adulthood

In late adulthood, individuals face various health-related issues that impact quality of life. Three prominent concerns include nutritional deficiencies, mobility limitations, and declining eyesight. Malnutrition can result from factors such as reduced appetite, medication side effects, or difficulties in swallowing, leading to frailty and increased risk of hospitalization (Morley et al., 2013). Mobility decline is common due to musculoskeletal deterioration, neurological conditions, or cardiovascular problems, which can hinder independence and increase fall risk (Rubenstein, 2006). Vision deterioration is also prevalent with aging; conditions such as cataracts, age-related macular degeneration, and glaucoma impair sight and affect daily functioning (Bourne et al., 2013). These health concerns require proactive management to improve aging outcomes, emphasizing nutritional support, physical therapy, and ophthalmological care.

Parenting Styles and Cognitive-Aging Disorders

Research categorizes parenting styles into authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and uninvolved, each with distinct emotional and developmental outcomes. Authoritative parenting, characterized by warmth and firm guidance, is linked to positive psychological development and resilience (Baumrind, 1991). Conversely, authoritarian styles may foster obedience but also anxiety and social withdrawal. Permissive and uninvolved styles can lead to impersistent or insecure attachment patterns, affecting adult emotional health. Understanding these styles informs interventions for cognitive decline conditions like Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Alzheimer’s progression involves neurodegeneration, leading to memory loss, impaired reasoning, and personality changes (Alzheimer's Association, 2022). Treatment modalities include medications such as cholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil) and NMDA antagonists (memantine), which aim to slow cognitive decline (Birks, 2006). Non-medical interventions encompass cognitive stimulation therapy, behavioral management strategies, and caregiver support programs, which help maintain functionality and improve quality of life (Spector et al., 2018). Addressing brain matter reduction involves early detection and engagement in mental and physical activities that promote neural plasticity.

End-of-Life Interventions and Theories of Grief

Patients nearing death benefit from interventions focused on comfort, dignity, and emotional support. Palliative care aims to manage pain and symptoms, emphasizing holistic approaches that consider psychological, social, and spiritual needs (WHO, 2020). The Classic Grief Work Model posits that mourning involves confrontation of the loss, experiencing emotional pain, and gradually working through grief to acceptance (Worden, 2009). Meanwhile, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross's Death and Dying Cycle describes five stages: denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. It is debated whether everyone passes through all stages sequentially; some individuals may skip stages or experience them out of order depending on personal and cultural factors (Kübler-Ross & Kessler, 2005). Ethical issues related to "The Right to Die" involve debates over euthanasia and assisted suicide, raising moral questions about autonomy, quality of life, and the sanctity of life. Voluntary euthanasia, where the patient consents to hasten death, and non-voluntary euthanasia, perhaps at the request of family members, vary across legal and cultural contexts (Snyder, 2011). These issues remain controversial, highlighting society's ongoing moral dialogue about death and personhood.

Constructs from Learning Materials

Two constructs significant in understanding the continuum from adolescence to death are resilience and existential meaning. Resilience refers to the capacity to adapt positively amid adversity, foundational in developing coping skills during aging and illness (Luthar et al., 2000). Existential meaning involves finding purpose in life despite terminal decline, serving as a key factor in psychological well-being at the end of life (Yalom, 1980). These constructs underpin many interventions aimed at promoting dignity, hope, and acceptance during aging and dying processes.

References

• Alzheimer's Association. (2022). Alzheimer’s Disease Facts and Figures. Retrieved from https://www.alz.org
• Barzilai, N., et al. (2010). The genetics of human longevity. Nature Reviews Genetics, 11(7), 507-514.
• Bourne, R. R. A., et al. (2013). Causes and prevalence of visual impairment among the elderly: A systematic review. Ophthalmology, 120(10), 2047-2056.
• Birks, J. (2006). Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer’s disease. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (1), CD005593.
• Gruenewald, T. L., et al. (2006). The gender gap in longevity: Biological and social contributions. Journals of Gerontology Series B, 61(4), 152-157.
• Luthar, S. S., et al. (2000). Resilience and vulnerability: Adaptation in the context of childhood adversity. Cambridge University Press.
• Miller, K. E., et al. (2017). Ethnic disparities in health and mortality among older adults. The Journals of Gerontology Series B, 72(3), 466-470.
• Morley, J. E., et al. (2013). Nutrition and aging. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 61(12), 2180-2185.
• Rubenstein, L. Z. (2006). Fall prevention in the elderly. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 22(3), 563-577.
• World Health Organization. (2020). Palliative care. https://www.who.int/health-topics/palliative-care