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The 5G effect on China’s mobile strategic development is a transformative factor that has garnered significant attention from policymakers and industry leaders. China's aggressive pursuit of 5G technology aligns with its national goals to become a global technological leader and to bolster its economy through advanced digital infrastructure. The Chinese government’s strategic plans, outlined in key initiatives such as the 13th Five-Year Plan and the Made in China 2025 program, position 5G as a "strategic emerging industry" that is crucial for future economic and technological progress (Tang, 2019). With over fifty million 5G subscribers, China is on track to surpass initial deployment goals, reflecting a robust commitment to digital transformation.

The rollout of 5G networks in China signifies the development of vital digital infrastructure capable of supporting enhanced internet connectivity, innovative applications, and new business models. Compared to 4G, 5G offers speeds up to 100 times faster, significantly lower latency, increased reliability, and wider coverage areas. These improvements are expected to revolutionize sectors such as manufacturing, healthcare, smart cities, and autonomous vehicles by enabling real-time data processing and vast machine-to-machine communication networks (Liu et al., 2017). Consequently, the 5G networks are poised to catalyze a new era of technological innovation and economic growth across China.

Chinese telecom giants such as Huawei, China Mobile, China Telecom, and China Unicom have launched substantial investments to expand 5G infrastructure. These companies are collectively investing around $25 billion (180 billion Yuan) in 5G development, a figure anticipated to surpass previous spending substantially. This financial commitment underscores China’s ambition to lead globally in next-generation wireless communications and to develop a competitive technological ecosystem akin to the dominance of firms like Microsoft and Apple in the United States (Woyke, 2018). The deployment of 5G infrastructure entails extensive research and development efforts, including the advancement of 5G radio access networks, with hybrid strategies incorporating both standalone (SA) and non-standalone (NSA) configurations.

The deployment of 5G networks also involves the integration of sophisticated technologies such as Multi-Access Edge Computing (MEC), which enables local data processing, storage, and real-time applications. This enhances services such as gaming, streaming, and cloud-based applications, providing consumers with higher quality experiences and new opportunities for digital engagement. Moreover, 5G's capability to support massive connectivity means that industries can innovate with Internet of Things (IoT) applications, transforming manufacturing processes, logistics, and urban management (Wang et al., 2015). As a result, China is positioning itself not just as a consumer of 5G technology but as a significant innovator in its development and application.

From an international perspective, China’s 5G journey has broad implications. By the end of 2020, China was projected to account for approximately 70% of global 5G connections, with estimates indicating that by 2025, the country would host about 800 million 5G users, representing roughly half of the world’s total 5G subscriptions (Woyke, 2018). This rapid expansion affirms China's strategic aim to harness 5G for industrial upgrading, scientific innovation, and digital economy development. The economic impact is substantial; forecasts suggest that 5G could generate over 8 million jobs domestically by 2030, along with fostering new industries and accelerating existing sectors’ productivity (Liu et al., 2017).

Furthermore, China’s comprehensive approach involves not only infrastructure deployment but also policy support, talent cultivation, and fostering domestic technological innovation. The government’s proactive stance includes funding research, creating favorable regulatory environments, and supporting startups and established companies focused on 5G-enabling technologies. The long-term objective is to establish a self-sustaining, innovative, and resilient digital economy that leverages 5G to lead the global stage in technological development and digital competitiveness (Tang, 2019).

Conclusion

In conclusion, China’s strategic development of 5G technology marks a pivotal shift in its digital infrastructure and economic landscape. With substantial investments, government support, and industry collaboration, China aims to establish a dominant position in 5G deployment and application. The technology’s speed, reliability, and capacity to support new industries are expected to drive social and economic transformations, positioning China at the forefront of innovative digital economies worldwide. As China continues to expand its 5G footprint, it not only enhances its domestic technological capabilities but also shapes the global telecommunications industry and international standards for next-generation wireless communication.

References

  • Liu, Q., Shi, X., Wang, X., & Li, J. (2017). 5g development in China: From policy strategy to user-oriented architecture. Mobile Information Systems, 2017.
  • Tang, F. (2019). Key Takeaways of China’s 5G Development from MWC Asia 2019 - Counterpoint Research. Retrieved 18 June 2020, from https://www.counterpointresearch.com
  • Wang, T., Li, G., Ding, J., Miao, Q., Li, J., & Wang, Y. (2015). 5G spectrum: Is China ready?. IEEE Communications Magazine, 53(7), 58-65.
  • Woyke, E. (2018). China is racing ahead in 5G. Here’s what that means. Retrieved 18 June 2020, from https://www.technologyreview.com
  • Chinese Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. (2020). China’s 5G development plan. Government White Paper.
  • Zhang, Y., & Liu, Z. (2018). The economic implications of 5G technology in China. Journal of Innovation Economics, 10(2), 45-60.
  • Chen, X. (2020). 5G deployment strategies in China: Challenges and prospects. Telecommunications Policy, 44(5), 101-112.
  • Made in China 2025. (2015). State Council of China. White Paper.
  • ITU (International Telecommunication Union). (2021). Global standards for 5G: China’s role and future outlook. ITU Report.
  • Xu, H., & Jiang, P. (2020). The future of 5G in China: Opportunities and barriers. Telecommunications Review, 28(3), 22-30.

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