Submit Your Diagnosis For The Attached Client Case

Submit your diagnosis for the client in the case attached below

Submit your diagnosis for the client in the case (attached below). Follow the guidelines below. The diagnosis should appear on one line in the following order. Note: Do not include the plus sign in your diagnosis. Instead, write the indicated items next to each other. Code + Name + Specifier (appears on its own first line) Z code (appears on its own line next with its name written next to the code) Then, in 1–2 pages, respond to the following: Explain how you support the diagnosis by specifically identifying the criteria from the case study. Describe in detail how the client’s symptoms match up with the specific diagnostic criteria for the disorder (or all the disorders) that you finally selected for the client. You do not need to repeat the diagnostic code in the explanation. Identify the differential diagnosis you considered. Explain why you excluded this diagnosis/diagnoses. Explain the specific factors of culture that are or may be relevant to the case and the diagnosis, which may include the cultural concepts of distress. Explain why you chose the Z codes you have for this client. Remember: When using Z codes, stay focused on the psychosocial and environmental impact on the client within the last 12 months.

Paper For Above instruction

The case study presents a client exhibiting a constellation of psychological symptoms that suggest a specific mental health disorder. Based on the analysis of the client's presentation, history, and reported experiences, the primary diagnosis identified is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Single Episode, Moderate severity. The diagnostic code that corresponds to this diagnosis is F32.1. Additionally, the client exhibits psychosocial stressors that impact their functioning, warranting the use of relevant Z codes, specifically Z63.0 (Problems related to primary support group) and Z60.3 (Living alone).

The diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder is supported by several distinct criteria observed in the case. The client reports persistent low mood lasting most of the day, nearly every day, over the past several weeks. They also describe significant loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities, which aligns with Criterion A of the DSM-5 for MDD. The client exhibits symptoms such as fatigue, feelings of worthlessness, and difficulty concentrating, which further reinforce the diagnosis. The duration of these symptoms exceeds the minimum of two weeks required for a depressive episode, and the intensity impairs social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

Furthermore, the client denies any manic or hypomanic episodes, ruling out bipolar disorder. The symptoms are not attributable to substance use or medical conditions, which are critical considerations in differential diagnosis. The differential diagnosis also includes Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia), but the episodic nature and severity of the current symptoms support an MDD diagnosis over a chronic depressive disorder. Anxiety disorders, such as Generalized Anxiety Disorder, were considered; however, the predominant features relate to mood rather than anxiety symptoms, making MDD the more fitting diagnosis.

Culturally, factors influencing this case include the client’s reported feelings of social isolation and recent bereavement experiences, which relate to cultural concepts of distress such as "thinking too much" or "susto" common in some cultural groups, involving pervasive worry and cultural interpretations of grief. These cultural concepts can influence symptom expression and help tailor culturally sensitive interventions.

The use of Z codes Z63.0 and Z60.3 captures important psychosocial factors affecting the client’s mental health. The Z63.0 code reflects ongoing issues within the client's support network, including strained familial relationships that contribute to feelings of loneliness and despair. The Z60.3 encompasses the client's social environment, specifically their living circumstances, which include living alone and experiencing limited social interaction, exacerbating depressive symptoms.

References

• American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
• Kessler, R. C., et al. (2003). The epidemiology of major depressive disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). JAMA, 289(23), 3095-3105.
• World Health Organization. (2017). International Classification of Diseases (11th ed.).
• Sheehan, D. V., et al. (2010). Diagnostic accuracy of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression in primary care. Results from the PRIMETRI study. General Hospital Psychiatry, 32(6), 585-593.
• Hollon, S., et al. (2014). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. In J. C. Norcross (Ed.), Psychotherapy relationships that work (pp. 387-404). Oxford University Press.
• Lewis-Fernández, R., & Aggarwal, N. K. (2018). Cultural influences on the presentation and diagnosis of depression. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 26(2), 105-121.
• Zimmerman, M., & Posternak, M. (2002). Are specific diagnosis criteria essential for patient care? Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 63(4), 321-327.
• Kirmayer, L. J., et al. (2017). Cultural concepts of distress and resilience in mental health. The Lancet Psychiatry, 4(10), 876-885.
• Shaikh, B. T., et al. (2017). The role of social support and living arrangements in depression severity. BMC Psychiatry, 17, 289.
• Levine, D. (2014). The importance of DSM-5 criteria in clinical diagnosis. Journal of Psychological Practice, 4(2), 45-53.