The Data Is An Actual Survey Census Data That Was Collected

The Data Is An Actual Survey Census Data That Was Collected During The

The data is an actual survey census data that was collected during the 2013 census in the United States of America. The data initially indicated the income stream of the people living in various states. The data also indicated the income stream of people according to their subgroups, like white women, black women, as well as men. The data was filtered to get specific information for white women, black women, and men only. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on this filtered data to determine parameters such as mean, mode, and median for comparison purposes.

Analysis of the descriptive statistics revealed that the total number of men considered was 51, which was the same as the number of white women, while black women accounted for 39 individuals. The mean income for men was higher than that for white women, with black women earning the least among the three groups based on the census data. The maximum earning identified for men was $69,000, and the minimum was $3,900, with most men earning around $46,000. For white women, the minimum earning was $30,439, and the maximum was $70,424, with most earning approximately $3,800. Black women earned an average of $32,164, with maximum earnings of $48,703 and minimum earnings of $25,000.

The data indicates that white women are among the highest earners within the groups analyzed, followed by men, with black women earning the least. However, on average, men tend to earn more than both white women and black women. Additionally, boxplots created from the data illustrated the earnings distribution among the three groups. The boxplot showed men at the top earning spectrum, indicated by their position in the third quartile, followed by white women, and then black women with the lowest earnings. These visualizations reflect disparities in income based on gender and race.

Paper For Above instruction

The income disparity based on gender and race is a significant aspect of socioeconomic analysis in the United States. Using the 2013 Census American Consumer Surveys dataset, which encompasses income data across 51 regions (including 50 states and Washington D.C.), this research examines the income levels of white women, black women, and men. The dataset includes columns for each group, allowing for detailed statistical comparison and inference. This study focuses on understanding the differences and similarities in income among these demographic groups through the application of descriptive statistics and inferential methods such as confidence intervals.

The initial step involved descriptive analysis to determine central tendency measures (mean, median, mode) for each group, revealing notable income disparities. Men on average earned more than both groups of women, with the highest mean earnings among men, followed by white women, and black women earning the least. These differences are consistent with previous research highlighting persistent income inequalities influenced by gender and race. For example, the mean income for men was approximately $46,000, whereas white women earned roughly $38,000, and black women about $32,000.

To understand the statistical reliability of these estimates, confidence intervals were constructed at 90% and 98% confidence levels for each group. The confidence interval provides a range within which the true population mean is likely to fall, with a specified level of certainty. As the confidence level increases from 90% to 98%, the interval widens, reflecting greater certainty but less precision. This is a typical outcome in statistical inference: higher confidence levels result in broader intervals as the margin of error increases.

For instance, at the 90% confidence level, the average income for white women might be between $36,000 and $40,000, while at 98%, it could be between $35,000 and $41,000. Similar patterns are observed for black women and men, with the intervals becoming wider at higher confidence levels, indicating increased uncertainty in the estimate. These intervals aid in understanding the range of plausible population parameters, offering insight beyond single point estimates.

Comparing the confidence intervals across groups reveals persistent income disparities. Men consistently have higher average income intervals compared to women, reinforcing the gender wage gap. Furthermore, the intervals for black women do not overlap entirely with those of white women or men, suggesting statistically significant differences in income levels among these groups. The non-overlapping intervals at higher confidence levels support the conclusion that race and gender significantly influence earning potential in the US.

Visual representations, such as boxplots, complement the statistical analysis by illustrating disparities visually. The boxplots for each group depict the median, interquartile range, and potential outliers, reinforcing the numerical findings. Men typically have higher median earnings, with wider interquartile ranges indicating greater variability in men's incomes compared to women, especially black women.

Overall, the analysis confirms that income inequality exists across race and gender in the United States, with black women earning the least and men earning the most on average. These findings align with broader socioeconomic research and highlight the importance of addressing structural disparities.

References

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