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The Freedom in the World survey published by Freedom House evaluates the state of political rights and civil liberties around the world. Provide a description of this survey and a ranking (in terms of “freedom”) of the world’s leaders and laggards. What factors are taken into consideration in this survey?

As the chapter discusses, differences in political, economic, and legal systems have considerable impact on the benefits, costs, and risks of doing business in countries around the world. It also has a considerable impact on how easy it is to do business in these countries. The World Bank Doing Business Indicators measure the extent of business regulations in countries around the world. Compare Brazil, Ghana, India, New Zealand, the United States, and Turkey in terms of how easily contracts are enforced, how property can be registered, and how investors can be protected. Identify in which area you see the greatest variation from one country to the next.

Paper For Above Instructions

The Freedom in the World survey is an annual report conducted by Freedom House, a nonprofit organization that analyzes the state of freedom and democracy across the globe. Established in 1941, Freedom House aims to promote democracy, political freedom, and human rights. The survey evaluates countries based on a variety of criteria to determine their levels of political rights and civil liberties. According to the survey, each country is assigned a score that helps categorize them as "Free," "Partly Free," or "Not Free."

Key factors considered in the Freedom in the World survey include:

• Political Pluralism and Participation: The extent to which citizens are allowed to participate in the political process, including the role of opposition parties and the electoral process.
• Civil Liberties: This includes freedom of expression, assembly, and association; as well as the independence of the judiciary and protection of individual rights.
• Rule of Law: The extent to which laws are applied fairly and equally among all individuals, facilitating accountability and justice.
• Government Accountability: Analysis of government effectiveness, transparency, and whether leaders are held accountable through checks and balances or independent institutions.
• Corruption Levels: Investigating levels of corruption within the political and public spheres, which affects the citizens' trust in government.

As of the 2023 Freedom in the World report, countries are ranged in their freedom levels, revealing notable disparities. For instance, Finland, Norway, and Sweden often rank as leaders in terms of freedom, exhibiting strong political rights and civil liberties. Conversely, countries such as North Korea, Syria, and Iran typically found themselves in the laggards category, where both political rights and civil liberties are severely restricted.

In examining the World Bank's Doing Business Indicators, the ease of doing business is essential for economic growth and investment attraction. The indicators evaluate regulatory environments and measure the efficiency of business regulations across various areas, including contract enforcement, property registration, and investor protection. This comparative analysis includes Brazil, Ghana, India, New Zealand, the United States, and Turkey.

Enforcement of Contracts

When evaluating how easily contracts are enforced, New Zealand stands out as an exemplary case. The country's legal system is straightforward and efficient, allowing for quick resolution of contractual disputes. In stark contrast, Brazil struggles with significant delays in the legal process and bureaucratic inefficiencies, which hinder contract enforcement. Despite ongoing reforms, India also grapples with a convoluted legal framework that often results in prolonged disputes, adversely impacting business operations.

Property Registration

Property registration is another critical factor influencing the ease of doing business. New Zealand again excels, with a rapid, transparent system ideally set up for registering property. On the other hand, Turkey and India exhibit greater complexity in property transactions. In India, the challenges involve extensive documentation and varying regional regulations that can complicate property ownership complexities. Ghana has made strides in property registration; however, inefficiencies persist that can delay transactions.

Investor Protection

Investor protection is paramount for attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) and fostering a stable business environment. The United States is often cited as a leading example, offering robust legal frameworks to protect investors' rights and interests. Brazil performs moderately well, but political instability and economic fluctuations can hinder investor confidence. In Turkey, political climate shifts have raised concerns among investors regarding the security of their investments.

From this comparative analysis, it is evident that the area with the greatest variation among the selected countries is the enforcement of contracts. Countries like New Zealand represent an ideal system where contracts are efficiently enforced, while Brazil and India present significant hurdles that challenge businesses looking to operate effectively.

This analysis illustrates the importance of understanding the myriad factors that influence political rights, civil liberties, and the overall ease of doing business in varying global contexts. Freedom House's insights into political rights contribute to a clearer picture of the environment in which businesses operate, highlighting the disparities that can exist depending on legal and regulatory frameworks. Ensuring the protection of rights and promoting a favorable business environment not only supports individual economies but also fosters a more equitable and just global community.

References

• Freedom House. (2023). Freedom in the World 2023. Retrieved from [freedomhouse.org]
• World Bank. (2023). Doing Business Indicators. Retrieved from [worldbank.org]
• Transparency International. (2023). Corruption Perceptions Index. Retrieved from [transparency.org]
• OECD. (2023). Economic Surveys: Brazil 2023. Retrieved from [oecd.org]
• The Economist. (2023). Democracy Index 2023. Retrieved from [economist.com]
• United Nations. (2023). World Economic Situation and Prospects. Retrieved from [un.org]
• Global Competitiveness Report. (2023). World Economic Forum. Retrieved from [weforum.org]
• Human Rights Watch. (2023). World Report 2023. Retrieved from [hrw.org]
• International Monetary Fund. (2023). World Economic Outlook. Retrieved from [imf.org]
• WTO. (2023). World Trade Report 2023. Retrieved from [wto.org]