The Discussion Board Db Is Part Of The Core Of Online 312627 ✓ Solved

The Discussion Board Db Is Part Of The Core Of Online Learning Clas

The Discussion Board (DB) is part of the core of online learning. Classroom discussion in an online environment requires the active participation of students and the instructor to create robust interaction and dialogue. Every student is expected to create an original response to the open-ended DB question as well as engage in dialogue by responding to posts created by others throughout the week. At the end of each unit, DB participation will be assessed based on both level of engagement and the quality of the contribution to the discussion. At a minimum, each student will be expected to post an original and thoughtful response to the DB question and contribute to the weekly dialogue by responding to at least two other posts from students.

The first contribution must be posted before midnight (Central Time) on Wednesday of each week. Two additional responses are required after Wednesday of each week. Students are highly encouraged to engage on the Discussion Board early and often, as that is the primary way the university tracks class attendance and participation. The purpose of the Discussion Board is to allow students to learn through sharing ideas and experiences as they relate to course content and the DB question. Because it is not possible to engage in two-way dialogue after a conversation has ended, no posts to the DB will be accepted after the end of each unit.

Anatomy of the Required Discussion Board Assignment

Required Discussion Board posts are in 2 parts within 1 posting. In the first part of your post, define and discuss the topic in academic terms, using citations and referencing, just as you will for any formal academic paper. This is where you demonstrate that you know the concepts. The second part of the required assignment is for application of the concepts. This is where you demonstrate that you know how to use the concepts you have learned.

A. Questions for weekly discussions and conversations (not part of the required Discussion Board assignment)

These questions can serve as the starting point for your discussions during the week. They are “thought starters,” so that you can explore some ideas associated with the Discussion Board and unit topics. Answers are not required and should not be submitted with your required assignment. Answers are not graded.

Which do you think is more effective: reinforcement or punishment? What do you think are the strongest motivators for most people?

B. Required Discussion Board assignment

The use of reward and punishment is an everyday human behavior. Research in psychology has looked extensively at different types of reinforcement and punishment as outlined in your textbook.

Part One: Define positive and negative reinforcement, and provide an example of each. Define positive and negative punishment, and provide an example of each.

Part Two: Pick 2 of these questions, and provide further discussion on them:

- Based on your experiences, how would you deal with a defiant child?

- Which do you think is more effective for the child: reinforcement or punishment?

- What are the limitations of operant conditioning (reward and punishment)?

In your own words, please post a response to the Discussion Board and comment on other postings. You will be graded on the quality of your postings. Be sure to cite all references in APA format.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

The effective use of reinforcement and punishment as methods of behavior modification has been extensively studied within the field of psychology. Understanding these concepts in both theoretical and practical terms is essential for applying them appropriately in various settings, including education, parenting, and behavioral therapy.

Positive reinforcement involves presenting a favorable stimulus after a desired behavior occurs, thereby increasing the likelihood of that behavior's recurrence. For example, giving a child praise or a reward for completing homework encourages them to repeat the behavior. Negative reinforcement, on the other hand, entails removing an unfavorable stimulus in response to a desired behavior. An example is relieving a student from extra assignments when they participate actively in class discussions, thus motivating continued engagement.

Conversely, positive punishment involves introducing an unpleasant stimulus to reduce the occurrence of a behavior. An example would be assigning extra chores to a child who misbehaves. Negative punishment involves removing a desirable stimulus to decrease a behavior’s frequency; for example, taking away recess privileges from a student who acts disruptively in class.

Applying these concepts can vary based on individual circumstances and behaviors. For instance, when dealing with a defiant child, a parent might employ positive reinforcement to encourage cooperation, such as rewarding good behavior with privileges or praise. Research suggests that reinforcement, particularly positive reinforcement, tends to be more effective and sustainable in shaping behavior compared to punishment, which can produce fear or resentment if misused (Skinner, 1953; Kazdin, 2001). Reinforcement fosters a positive learning environment and encourages intrinsic motivation, whereas punishment may only suppress unwanted behaviors temporarily.

However, operant conditioning has limitations. There is a risk of over-reliance on external rewards, which may undermine intrinsic motivation. Additionally, punishment can lead to unintended negative emotional responses or avoidance behaviors. Consequently, it's essential to apply these techniques judiciously, combining them with other behavioral strategies to foster long-term positive change (Baumrind, 1971; Perrin & Gerrity, 1982).

In conclusion, understanding the distinctions between positive and negative reinforcement and punishment provides a foundation for effective behavior management. Evidence indicates that reinforcement strategies, especially positive ones, tend to be more effective and ethical in promoting desirable behaviors while minimizing adverse effects associated with punishment.

References

  • Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority.
  • Kazdin, A. E. (2001). Behavior modification in applied settings. Smith College.
  • Perrin, E. C., & Gerrity, E. (1982). The use of reinforcement and punishment in child discipline. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 7(3), 283-289.
  • Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Macmillan.
  • Grusec, J. E., & Davidov, M. (2007). Socialization: history, paradigms, and current issues.

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