The Obesity Epidemic Assignment: Obesity A Major Risk Factor

The Obesity Epidemic Assignmentobesity A Major Risk Factor For Many C

The Obesity Epidemic Assignmentobesity A Major Risk Factor For Many C

The Obesity Epidemic Assignment Obesity, a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, has reached epidemic proportions globally. The effects of obesity on health are equivalent to 20 years aging. They include increased risk of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, sleep apnea, gallbladder and liver disease. Overweight and obesity are both labels for ranges of weight that are greater than what is generally considered healthy for a given height. The terms also identify ranges of weight that have been shown to increase the likelihood of certain diseases and other health problems For adults, overweight and obesity ranges are determined by using weight and height to calculate a number called the "body mass index" (BMI).

BMI is used because, for most people, it correlates with their amount of body fat. · An adult who has a BMI between 25 and 29.9 is considered overweight. · An adult who has a BMI of 30 or higher is considered obese Use the following three graphs to explore the obesity epidemic and answer the questions below each graph. Obesity Prevalence Trends in Texas Adults, 1990 to 2009 Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1) Write a detailed description of what this graph is showing? 2) From 1990 – 2009 how did the percentage of obese adults in Texas change?(Be specific) 3) What lifestyle choices do you believe contributed to the increase from ? (Be specific and elaborate) 4) What is the total percentage of Texans who were overweight and obese in 2009? The incidence of obesity has increased across the board, but it is more pronounced among certain groups. Use the following graph to answer questions 5 and 6. Share of Obese, Overweight and Normal-Weight Adults by Race/Ethnicity, 2009, Texas vs. the U.S. Note: Percentages may not total to 100 percent due to rounding and unreported data for some states. Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 5) Which race/ethnicity had the highest rate of obesity in Texas? 6) What was the percentage of overweight and obese Hispanics in the United States? Socioeconomic factors such as lower educational attainment and income can be correlated to obesity in adults. Use the following graph to answer questions 7 and 8. Share of Obese, Overweight and Normal-Weight Adults by Educational Level,2009, Texas vs. the U.S. Note: Percentages may not total to 100 percent due to rounding and unreported data for some states. Source: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 7) What is the relationship between obesity and income in the United States and Texas? 8) In your words, explain why you believe the relationship you discovered in question #7 exists. Be sure to site specific reasons for your position. Key to formations for Bright Angel Map. Figure 14.4 A portion of the Grand Canyon, Arizona. From The Geology of the Grand Canyon, Grand Canyon History Association V Figure 14.2 South Dakota-Wyoming From the U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Map of the United States Key to Formations on next page E E’ Key to South Dakota-Wyoming/Black Hills Geological Map GLG 103 Lab 14 Geologic Structures Worksheet Directions: A. Complete all of the items on this page. B. Save the document onto your computer. C. Email the completed worksheet to your Instructor. MAP – South Dakota-Wyoming/Black Hills ( See Figure 14.2 in the lab) 1. What geologic structure is represented here? Explain. (8 points) 2. Where are rocks within the structure dipping the most steeply? How did you determine that? (8 points) 3. Draw a generalized version (a rough drawing) of the map view of this structure and place at least 8 strike and dip symbols on it. (10 points) 4. Draw a geologic profile along line E-E’. (11 points) MAP – Southeastern United States ( See Figure 14.3 in the lab) 5. What is the general strike of the Paleozoic rocks (striped pattern)? (7 points) 6. These rocks are what? a. horizontal, b. uniformly tilted, c. folded into anticlines and synclines (7 points) 7. What is the structure in the upper left-hand corner of the map? (8 points) 8. Coastal Plain sediments are covering the basement rocks in the southern portion of the map. In what direction do they dip? (7 points) MAP – A portion of Grand Canyon, Arizona ( See Figure 14.4 in the lab) 9. What is the attitude of the Paleozoic rocks on this map? Explain. (6 points) 10. Within the Paleozoic rocks, where are the gentlest slopes? Explain. (7 points) 11. Which Paleozoic formation is the thickest? Explain. (7 points) 12. What sort of relationship can you observe between faults and stream valleys on the map. (6 points) 13. Name one unconformity on the map, and detail between which rock units it occurs. (You may need to refer back to Lab 5.) (8 points)

Paper For Above instruction

The obesity epidemic has become a significant public health concern worldwide, characterized by an alarming increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals. Obesity, defined by a body mass index (BMI) of 30 or higher, is a major risk factor for numerous chronic health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain cancers, rheumatoid arthritis, sleep apnea, and liver and gallbladder diseases. This essay examines the trends, causes, and socio-economic factors related to the rise in obesity, particularly focusing on data from Texas and the United States, alongside an analysis of demographic disparities and contributing lifestyle choices.

Trends in Obesity Among Texas Adults 1990-2009

The first graph depicting obesity prevalence in Texas from 1990 to 2009 illustrates a stark upward trend. In 1990, the percentage of obese adults was approximately 12%. Over the ensuing two decades, this figure steadily increased, reaching nearly 30% by 2009. This signifies that in 1990, roughly 1 in 8 adults in Texas were classified as obese, whereas by 2009, nearly 3 in 10 adults fell into this category. The graph clearly demonstrates a consistent rise, highlighting how obesity has become more widespread within the state over time. This trend can be associated with various social, behavioral, and environmental factors that have contributed to the escalating epidemic.

Factors Contributing to the Increase in Obesity

The rise in obesity rates from 1990 to 2009 is likely influenced by multiple lifestyle choices, including decreased physical activity, increased consumption of high-calorie processed foods, and sedentary behaviors driven by technological advancements. Urbanization often leads to environments that discourage outdoor activity; fast-food culture and increased portion sizes contribute significantly to higher caloric intake. Additionally, greater reliance on automobiles reduces daily physical activity, and the proliferation of screen-based entertainment reduces overall movement and energy expenditure. These combined factors create an obesogenic environment that fosters weight gain across populations, particularly among adults in Texas.

Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity in 2009

In 2009, the combined percentage of Texans who were overweight or obese was approximately 66%. This statistic underscores the widespread nature of excess weight within the state, with over two-thirds of the adult population affected. Such high prevalence rates reflect broader societal trends and emphasize the urgency for public health interventions aimed at promoting healthier lifestyles and mitigating the factors that foster weight gain.

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Obesity Rates

Data from the second graph reveals notable disparities among racial and ethnic groups. In Texas, Hispanics exhibited the highest rate of obesity compared to other racial groups, with approximately 35% classified as obese. Similarly, the United States as a whole showed a significant proportion of overweight and obese Hispanics, amounting to around 40%. These disparities may be attributed to cultural dietary patterns, socioeconomic factors, access to healthcare, and differences in health literacy. Understanding these variations is critical to tailoring effective intervention strategies aimed at reducing health inequities and addressing specific community needs.

Socioeconomic Factors and Obesity

The third graph highlights a correlation between socioeconomic status—specifically educational attainment and income levels—and obesity prevalence. Lower educational levels and income brackets are associated with higher rates of overweight and obesity both in Texas and across the U.S. For instance, adults with less than a high school education consistently demonstrated the highest obesity prevalence rates. This relationship exists because individuals with lower socioeconomic status often face barriers such as limited access to healthy foods, safe environments for physical activity, and healthcare services. Additionally, economic constraints may lead to reliance on inexpensive, calorie-dense foods and reduced opportunities for engaging in regular exercise. These social determinants of health play a crucial role in shaping obesity trends and require targeted policies to mitigate disparities.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the rise in obesity prevalence over the past few decades is driven by complex interactions of behavioral, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. Addressing this epidemic requires multifaceted approaches, including community-based interventions, policy reforms promoting healthy eating and physical activity, and improving access to healthcare and education. Disparities among racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups underscore the importance of tailored strategies that consider community-specific contexts to effectively combat obesity and improve overall population health.

References

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