The Questions Must Be Answered In APA Format With A 100 ✓ Solved

The questions must be answered in APA format with a 100

The questions must be answered in APA format with a 100-word minimum, and using the uploaded book. Please cite each answer. The reference is: Daempfle, P. (2016). Essential biology: An applied approach. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.

QUESTIONS: List 3 ways a person can best become biologically literate. According to the characteristics of life discussed in the course, a rock is not considered life. Choose one characteristic of life to defend why a rock is not life. Name two kingdoms described in the six-kingdom system of taxonomy. Describe two differences between the two kingdoms. How are the two kingdoms the same? Compare how ionic, covalent and polar covalent bonds differ from each other. Be sure to include the following terms in your comparison: electronegativity, polarity and stability? For question #4 above, give an example of a compound formed by each of the bonds described and explain how it formed. Make sure to include the electron arrangement around the atoms. ATP plays a major role in life’s processes. Describe how the activities of the single-celled Amoeba are dependent upon ATP. Why is carbon the backbone of life? Describe the characteristics of carbon that make it our unique building block. Define the following terms: passive transport, active transport and receptor-mediated endocytosis. List one way each of the terms differs from the others. ATP plays a major role in life’s processes. Explain how the sodium-potassium pump plays a role in secondary active transport. Explain what is involved with the fluid mosaic model of the cell. In addition, specify which macromolecules are involved and describe the role(s) associated with them. A battle between an amoeba and a single-celled protist, chilomonas ensues. The amoeba wins, but the large piece of chilomonas is too big to pass through the plasma membrane of the amoeba to eat. Describe the process by which the amoeba absorbs and digests the chilomonas.

Paper For Above Instructions

Becoming Biologically Literate

To become biologically literate, individuals should engage in three primary practices: reading and understanding basic biological literature, actively participating in discussions about biology-related current events, and utilizing multimedia resources such as documentary films or online courses. Reading authoritative texts helps individuals build a foundational knowledge that is essential for understanding complex concepts (Daempfle, 2016). Participating in discussions encourages critical thinking, while multimedia resources offer varied perspectives that can enhance learning.

Characteristic of Life: Metabolism

One of the key characteristics of life is metabolism, which encompasses all the chemical processes that occur within a living organism to maintain life. A rock, while it can undergo physical changes (such as erosion or weathering), does not exhibit metabolic processes (Daempfle, 2016). Without the ability to convert food into energy, rocks cannot sustain life, reinforcing the distinction between living organisms and inanimate objects.

Two Kingdoms in Taxonomy

In the six-kingdom system of taxonomy, two prominent kingdoms are Animalia and Plantae. One major difference between these two kingdoms is that members of the Animalia kingdom are heterotrophic, meaning they cannot produce their own food and rely on other organisms for sustenance. In contrast, members of the Plantae kingdom are autotrophic, capable of producing their own food through photosynthesis (Daempfle, 2016). Another difference is that animals typically have complex, multicellular structures with specialized tissues, while plants can be unicellular or multicellular and contain specialized structures for photosynthesis.

Similarities Between the Kingdoms

Despite their differences, both kingdoms share essential similarities, such as their cellular organization. Both Animalia and Plantae are composed of eukaryotic cells, characterized by a defined nucleus and organelles, allowing for greater complexity in cellular functions (Daempfle, 2016). Additionally, both kingdoms engage in energy transfer processes critical for survival, although the mechanisms differ between autotrophy and heterotrophy.

Comparing Bond Types

Ionic, covalent, and polar covalent bonds differ primarily in their electron interactions. Ionic bonds form through the transfer of electrons between atoms, leading to the creation of charged ions; one atom becomes positively charged (cation) and the other negatively charged (anion), creating strong electrostatic attractions (Daempfle, 2016). Covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons between atoms, enabling them to achieve stability. Polar covalent bonds are a subtype of covalent bonds where electrons are unequally shared due to differences in electronegativity, resulting in partial charges across the molecule. This polarity can affect the molecule's stability and its interactions with water.

Examples of Compounds

For ionic bonds, table salt (NaCl) is a typical example. It forms when sodium donates one electron to chlorine, leading to the stable ionic compound. For covalent bonds, water (H₂O) is an ideal example, where each hydrogen atom shares electrons with an oxygen atom. In a polar covalent bond example, hydrogen chloride (HCl) showcases this by having a higher electronegativity of chlorine, causing a shift in electron density toward the chlorine atom (Daempfle, 2016). Each example underscores the significance of electron arrangements in defining chemical compounds.

Dependence of Amoeba on ATP

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is vital for sustaining the activities of single-celled organisms like Amoeba. ATP provides the necessary energy for cellular processes such as locomotion, feeding, and intracellular transport (Daempfle, 2016). The amoeba utilizes energy from ATP to contract its pseudopodia, allowing it to crawl and engulf food sources, demonstrating the direct relationship between ATP and cellular functions.

Carbon: The Backbone of Life

Carbon is often referred to as the backbone of life due to its unique properties, which include a tetravalent nature allowing for four stable covalent bonds with various elements (Daempfle, 2016). This versatility allows carbon to form organic molecules with diverse structures and functions, essential for biochemistry. Furthermore, the ability of carbon to build long chains and ring structures contributes to the complexity and functionality of biological macromolecules, making it foundational to all known life forms.

Definitions of Transport Mechanisms

Passive transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane without energy expenditure, relying on concentration gradients. In contrast, active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradients (Daempfle, 2016). Receptor-mediated endocytosis is a specific form of active transport where extracellular molecules bind to receptors, triggering vesicle formation to internalize the substances. Each form of transport differs primarily in energy requirements: passive transport does not require energy, while active and receptor-mediated endocytosis do.

Sodium-Potassium Pump in Secondary Active Transport

The sodium-potassium pump is crucial in maintaining the electrochemical gradient across cell membranes. It actively transports sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, consuming ATP in the process (Daempfle, 2016). This gradient is fundamental to secondary active transport, as it drives the movement of other molecules against their gradients, utilizing the potential energy created by the established sodium gradient.

Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell

The fluid mosaic model describes the structure of cell membranes as a mosaic of various proteins that float in or on the fluid lipid bilayer (Daempfle, 2016). This arrangement allows for flexibility and movement, with phospholipids and cholesterol providing structural integrity and fluidity, whereas proteins perform various functions such as transport, signaling, and structural support. Key macromolecules involved include phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates, each playing essential roles in membrane dynamics and cellular communication.

Amoeba Digestion of Chilomonas

In a battle between an amoeba and a single-celled protist, Chilomonas, the amoeba can absorb its larger foe through a process called phagocytosis. The amoeba surrounds the Chilomonas particle with its cell membrane, forming a food vacuole. This vacuole then fuses with lysosomes containing digestive enzymes that break down the contents into absorbable nutrients, illustrating an adaptive strategy for survival in competitive environments (Daempfle, 2016).

References

• Daempfle, P. (2016). Essential biology: An applied approach. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt.
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