These Need To Be About A Page Or Two Each Journal Entry

These Need To Be About A Page Or Two Each Journal Entry In APA Format

These need to be about a page or two each journal entry, in APA format with sources where indicated!! Journal 3: Fibromyalgia is a condition that is still somewhat of a mystery to doctors and researchers, but we are learning more about it all the time. In a journal entry, discuss what fibromyalgia is and what symptoms sufferers have. Explain possible causes of fibromyalgia, and discuss currently available treatment options (including an explanation of how these treatment options work to help alleviate symptoms). Journal 4: Multiple sclerosis (M.S.) is a condition that affects the nervous system. In a journal entry, outline information about M.S., such as what happens in the bodies of patients with this disease and what signs and symptoms occur. Then research and report on what treatments are available now, and what scientists are working on that might be an option for M.S. patients in the near future. Journal 5: Many women use hormone replacement therapy in the time preceding and during menopause to alleviate hot flashes and vaginal dryness. This treatment is not without risks. In a journal entry, outline the risks of hormone replacement therapy, and then discuss the benefits this therapy provides to menopausal women. Conclude with your thoughts about hormone replacement therapy. Should it be an available option? When do you think it should be considered and when should it be avoided? Use at least two sources for this assignment. Journal 6: Then, in a journal entry, outline the path that blood travels as it circulates through the pulmonary, systemic, and coronary circuits of the cardiovascular system. Start your description at the right atrium to describe how blood travels through the chambers. Include identifications of the specific valves the blood moves through, as well as the major vessels that carry it to and from its destinations. In each area, indicate whether the blood is oxygenated or deoxygenated. Journal 7: Trace the pathway a molecule of oxygen takes after it is inhaled through the nose. Through which structures does it pass as it makes its way to the pulmonary capillaries? Be detailed in your description of the way oxygen moves through body systems. Then describe how breathing is affected in a patient with emphysema, using what you understand about the respiratory system structures and pathways. These need to be about a page or two each journal entry, in APA format with sources where indicated!! Journal 3: Fibromyalgia is a condition that is still somewhat of a mystery to doctors and researchers, but we are learning more about it all the time. In a journal entry, discuss what fibromyalgia is and what symptoms sufferers have. Explain possible causes of fibromyalgia, and discuss currently available treatment options (including an explanation of how these treatment options work to help alleviate symptoms).

Paper For Above instruction

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and cognitive difficulties, often referred to as "fibro fog" (Wolfe et al., 2018). Despite extensive research, the exact etiology of fibromyalgia remains elusive, making it a complex condition that challenges physicians and researchers alike. Symptoms are varied but commonly include persistent pain, tender points on the body, stiffness, and emotional distress, affecting patients' quality of life significantly (Clauw, 2015).

Understanding the causes of fibromyalgia involves exploring both physiological and environmental factors. Although no definitive cause has been identified, recent studies suggest abnormal pain processing in the central nervous system plays a crucial role (Häuser et al., 2017). Dysregulation of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine may contribute to heightened pain sensitivity. Genetic predisposition may also influence susceptibility, while stress, trauma, infections, and hormonal changes are considered potential triggers (Arnold et al., 2013).

Current treatment options primarily focus on symptom management rather than curing the disorder. Pharmacological approaches include the use of antidepressants like duloxetine and milnacipran, which work by increasing neurotransmitters involved in pain regulation (Arnold et al., 2013). Additionally, antiepileptic medications such as pregabalin target abnormal nerve activity to reduce pain signals. Non-pharmacological treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), aerobic exercise, and stress reduction techniques, which can improve sleep quality and decrease pain perception (Clauw, 2015). These therapies work synergistically to modulate pain, improve mood, and enhance overall functioning.

In conclusion, fibromyalgia remains a complex disorder with multifactorial origins. Advances in understanding central pain processing have informed current treatments, which aim to improve quality of life through symptom alleviation. Ongoing research continues to examine the neurobiological underpinnings of fibromyalgia, with the hope of more targeted and effective therapies emerging in the future (Häuser et al., 2017).

References

• Arnold, L. M., Clauw, D. J., & McCarberg, B. H. (2013). Fibromyalgia: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Treatment. Journal of the American Medical Association, 310(19), 2020–2028.
• Clauw, D. J. (2015). Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: Hypotheses and mechanisms. Nature Reviews Rheumatology, 11(2), 80–90.
• Häuser, W., Fitzcharles, M. A., & Sommer, C. (2017). Fibromyalgia. The Lancet, 391(10137), 2093–2107.
• Wolfe, F., Clauw, D. J., Fitzcharles, M. A., et al. (2018). Fibromyalgia criteria and classification: A consensus report. Arthritis & Rheumatology, 70(1), 6–23.