This Project Requires The Student To Discuss, Compare, And C

This Project Requires The Student To Discuss, Compare And Contrast the H

This project requires the student to discuss, compare, and contrast the healthcare delivery systems, morbidity and mortality rates of the United States and a chosen foreign country. The focus should include how the prevailing healthcare systems influence nursing education, practice, leadership, and management.

Students are expected to research the current healthcare delivery system in the United States, including its history, rationale, and impact on American healthcare and nursing. They should select a foreign country, excluding the United States, and conduct a literature review on its healthcare system, examining its history, rationale, and effects on healthcare, nursing practice, education, leadership, and management.

The assignment involves comparing and contrasting the longevity age and the top ten causes of morbidity and mortality in both countries. An analysis of how each country's healthcare system impacts these health outcomes is required.

Paper For Above instruction

The comparison of healthcare systems and their impact on population health outcomes between the United States and a selected foreign country provides critical insights into global health disparities and best practices. Understanding the structure, history, and efficacy of different healthcare models offers a comprehensive perspective on how systemic factors influence health metrics such as morbidity, mortality, and longevity. This paper explores these themes by examining the U.S. healthcare system alongside that of a chosen country—Japan, renowned for its healthcare efficiency and high life expectancy.

Introduction

The healthcare delivery system significantly influences health outcomes, quality of care, resource allocation, and the training and retention of healthcare professionals. The U.S. healthcare system is characterized by its market-driven approach, extensive insurance networks, and advancements in medical technology (NASEM, 2013). Conversely, Japan employs a universal health coverage system, emphasizing preventative care, efficient resource utilization, and equitable access (Ikegami et al., 2011). Comparing these systems illuminates how systemic structures shape morbidity, mortality, and nursing education.

Healthcare Systems in the United States and Japan

The U.S. healthcare system has evolved from reforms aimed at improving technological innovation and patient choice. Despite high expenditures—approximately 17.7% of GDP (CMS, 2021)—the nation faces persistent challenges such as healthcare disparities and inefficiencies. The focus on specialization and medical technology results in excellent diagnostic and therapeutic interventions but leaves gaps in primary care and preventive services (CDC, 2022).

In contrast, Japan's healthcare system, established post-World War II, offers universal coverage through a combination of employer-based insurance and government programs such as the National Health Insurance. The focus on primary care, health promotion, and early detection contributes to Japan's high life expectancy and lower overall costs (Ikegami et al., 2011; Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development [OECD], 2020). The system emphasizes preventative care, which reduces hospitalizations and chronic disease complications.

Morbidity and Mortality Rates

Longevity in both countries highlights differences in healthcare efficacy. Japan boasts the highest average life expectancy globally, approximately 84 years, compared to about 78 years in the U.S. (WHO, 2021). The top causes of morbidity and mortality also differ. In the U.S., heart disease, cancer, and respiratory diseases predominate, influenced by lifestyle factors, obesity, and tobacco use (CDC, 2022). Japan faces similar top causes but benefits from lower obesity rates and healthier lifestyles, leading to comparatively lower mortality from these conditions (OECD, 2020).

For morbidity, conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, and mental health disorders are prevalent worldwide, but their management and outcomes are closely linked to healthcare system structure. Japan’s emphasis on community-based, preventive, and chronic disease management results in better control of these conditions and reduced mortality (Ikegami et al., 2011).

Impact of Healthcare Systems on Morbidity and Mortality

The U.S. healthcare system’s focus on technological and specialty care offers advanced treatment options; however, disparities in access and affordability contribute to worse health outcomes among vulnerable populations (Artiga et al., 2022). Limited emphasis on primary care and prevention results in higher rates of preventable diseases and hospitalizations (Shi et al., 2019).

In Japan, the integrated primary care model, universal coverage, and emphasis on health promotion contribute to earlier detection, effective management of chronic diseases, and overall better health metrics. The nation's healthcare system fosters equity, reducing disparities and promoting healthier aging populations (Ikegami et al., 2011).

Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership

The differing healthcare systems influence nursing education and practice extensively. In the U.S., nursing education emphasizes specialty training, technological competence, and leadership skills to adapt to complex healthcare environments (AACN, 2020). Nurses often assume roles in research, policy, and management to navigate a highly specialized system (ANA, 2021).

Japan’s nursing education traditionally focuses on primary care, holistic health promotion, and community health, aligning with its healthcare model. Japanese nurses are vital in managing chronic conditions and promoting preventive care, with leadership roles evolving through continuous professional development (Yamamoto et al., 2019). Both countries are working toward expanding nurses’ roles in healthcare leadership, but systemic differences influence scope and practice.

Conclusion

Compared to the U.S., Japan’s healthcare system demonstrates how universal coverage, preventive emphasis, and primary care integration can lead to better health outcomes, including higher life expectancy and lower preventable mortality. The disparities between these systems underscore the importance of policy, resource allocation, and cultural factors in shaping national health metrics. As global health challenges evolve, sharing best practices and fostering adaptive healthcare models are vital for advancing health equity and improving nursing education, practice, and leadership worldwide.

References

• American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN). (2020). The future of nursing education. Nursing Education Perspectives, 41(3), 137–142.
• American Nurses Association (ANA). (2021). Scope and standards of practice for registered nurses. ANA Publishing.
• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2022). Health disparities and inequalities report. CDC Publications.
• Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS). (2021). National health expenditure data. CMS.
• Ikegami, N., et al. (2011). The healthcare system and health in Japan. The Lancet, 378(9796), 67–75.
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). (2013). U.S. health system review. The National Academies Press.
• Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2020). Health at a Glance: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing.
• Shi, L., et al. (2019). The impact of primary care on health outcomes. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 10, 2150132719851154.
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). World health statistics 2021. WHO Publications.
• Yamamoto, M., et al. (2019). Nursing education and practice in Japan. Nursing Times, 115(3), 22–25.