Title Of Paper 2 Your Name Rasmussen College

Title Of Paper 2 Title of Paper Your Name Rasmussen College

This paper is being submitted on March 19, 2013, for John Smith’s G124 English Composition course. Title of Paper With a prevalence of up to 10%, Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS), is the most common endocrinopathy in reproduction age women (Goodarzi,2011). First acknowledged in 1935; PCOS was described as a clustering of symptoms including enlarged ovaries, obesity, hirsutism, and chronic anovulation. Now it is diagnosed based on the presence of the following conditions: clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and the presence of polycystic ovaries (Bernier,2012). PCOS is a condition in which a woman’s levels of the sex hormones, estrogen and progesterone are not stable (Herndon,2015).

Doctors are not sure of what causes polycystic ovary syndrome but think these factors may play a role: excess insulin, low-grade inflammation, and heredity. Insulin is the hormone produced by the pancreas that allows cells to use sugar or glucose as your body's primary energy supply (Mayoclinic). If the body is insulin resistance, your capability to use insulin efficiently is impaired, and your pancreas has to secrete more insulin to make glucose available to cells. Excess insulin might also affect the ovaries by increasing androgen production, which may interfere with the ovaries' ability to ovulate (Mayoclinic). This then has an impact on a woman’s ability to reproduce as well as have a normal sex life.

References Bernier, D. (2012). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathogenesis, health consequences, and treatment of PCOS in relation to insulin resistance. University of New Hampshire. Goodarzi, M., Dumesic, D., Chazenbalk, G., & Azziz, R. (2011, April). Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis [Online forum post]. Retrieved from Herndon, J. (2015, August 3). Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (S. Kim, Ed.). Retrieved from week 1 discussion 1 EDU PSYCHOLOGY Educational psychology serves as the bridge between theory and practice in our classrooms. Best practices in the classroom stem from the research and developed theories about how we learn and behave which is the driving force that guides how we teach, motivate, and assess our students.

Paper For Above instruction

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) stands as one of the most prevalent endocrine disorders affecting women of reproductive age, with an estimated occurrence rate of up to 10%. Recognized officially in 1935, PCOS presents a constellation of symptoms that include enlarged ovaries, obesity, hirsutism, and chronic anovulation. Contemporary diagnostics primarily focus on clinical and biochemical hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularities, and the appearance of polycystic ovaries via ultrasound. The pathophysiology of PCOS involves complex hormonal imbalances, notably fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels, which are often dysregulated in affected women (Bernier, 2012; Herndon, 2015).

The precise etiology of PCOS remains elusive, although several implicated factors have been identified. Notably, excess insulin production and resistance, low-grade inflammation, and genetic predispositions are considered significant contributors. Insulin plays a vital role in glucose metabolism, produced by the pancreas to facilitate cellular uptake of glucose (Mayoclinic, n.d.). In insulin resistance, the body's cells respond inadequately to insulin, prompting the pancreas to secrete higher levels of the hormone. Elevated insulin levels can stimulate increased androgen production in the ovaries, disrupting normal ovulation and leading to symptoms such as hirsutism and menstrual irregularities. This hormonal disruption adversely impacts fertility and overall reproductive health, alongside potential metabolic complications (Goodarzi et al., 2011).

Understanding the multifactorial nature of PCOS is essential for developing effective management strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, have shown efficacy in reducing insulin resistance and improving symptoms. Pharmacologic interventions, such as insulin-sensitizing agents like metformin, are commonly employed to address underlying metabolic disturbances. In addition, hormonal therapies and cosmetic treatments are used to manage hyperandrogenic symptoms and improve quality of life (Bernier, 2012; Herndon, 2015).

Research continues to explore genetic and environmental factors contributing to PCOS, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment plans. Increasing awareness and early diagnosis are crucial to mitigating long-term health risks, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and endometrial cancer. Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving endocrinologists, gynecologists, nutritionists, and mental health professionals is vital for comprehensive care (Dunaif, 1997; Legro et al., 2013).

References

• Bernier, D. (2012). Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathogenesis, health consequences, and treatment of PCOS in relation to insulin resistance. University of New Hampshire.
• Goodarzi, M., Dumesic, D., Chazenbalk, G., & Azziz, R. (2011). Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis. Springer.
• Herndon, J. (2015). Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome. In S. Kim (Ed.), Week 1 discussion 1 EDU PSYCHOLOGY.
• Legro, R. S., Arslanian, S. A., Ehrmann, D. A., et al. (2013). Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. JCEM, 98(12), 4565–4592.
• Mayoclinic. (n.d.). Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Retrieved from https://www.mayoclinic.org
• Dunaif, A. (1997). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine reviews, 18(5), 774-800.