Total Points Possible: 100 Points Description Of The Assignm
Total Points Possible 100 Pointsdescription Of The Assignmentfor This
For this assignment, the PN student will collaborate with other students to create a PowerPoint presentation on a selected disease process from the various disease process that have/will been covered in the Medical-Surgical II course. The topic is Gastrointestinal Reflux Disease (GERD). The presentation should include the following components: an overview of the disease, team introduction, risk factors (modifiable and non-modifiable), clinical signs and symptoms, diagnostic and laboratory tests, medical management, nursing interventions and patient teachings, conclusion, and references. The presentation should be between the required number of slides, follow proper grammar and scientific writing standards, and use credible sources.
Paper For Above instruction
Introduction
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is a common chronic condition characterized by the backward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus, leading to symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and discomfort. It affects individuals across various age groups and can significantly impact quality of life if not properly managed. GERD results from a combination of factors, including the dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES), which normally prevents reflux, and other anatomical or motility issues within the gastrointestinal tract.
Team Introduction
Our team comprises nursing students committed to understanding and educating about gastrointestinal diseases. Each member brings a focus on patient education, clinical management, and evidence-based practices integral to nursing care for GERD. We aim to synthesize current research and clinical guidelines to develop a comprehensive presentation for healthcare professionals and patients.
Risk Factors
Risk factors for GERD include modifiable elements such as obesity, smoking, diet (high-fat foods, caffeine), and alcohol consumption. Non-modifiable risks encompass age, pregnancy, hiatal hernia, and genetic predisposition. Obesity, in particular, increases intra-abdominal pressure, promoting reflux, while lifestyle choices can exacerbate symptoms or predispose individuals to the disease.
Clinical Manifestations
Patients with GERD often present with typical symptoms like heartburn, which is a burning sensation behind the sternum, especially after meals or when lying down. Other signs include regurgitation of acid or food, chest pain, sore throat, chronic cough, and laryngitis. In some cases, atypical manifestations such as dental erosion and asthma-like symptoms may be observed.
Diagnostic & Laboratory Tests
Diagnosis of GERD involves clinical evaluation supported by tests such as 24-hour pH monitoring, which measures acid exposure in the esophagus; esophageal manometry, assessing the motility and pressure of the esophageal muscles; and upper endoscopy (EGD) to visualize esophageal mucosa and identify complications like inflammation or Barrett's esophagus.
Medical Management
The primary treatment involves lifestyle modifications such as weight loss, dietary changes, and elevating the head of the bed. Pharmacologically, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are most effective in reducing gastric acid secretion. H2 receptor antagonists and antacids are also used for symptom relief. In severe cases, surgical options like fundoplication may be considered to enhance LES function and prevent reflux.
Nursing Interventions & Patient Teachings
Nursing interventions include educating patients on lifestyle modifications, medication adherence, and recognition of alarm symptoms such as bleeding or difficulty swallowing. Practical strategies involve advising weight management, dietary avoidance of trigger foods, smoking cessation, and elevating the head during sleep. Monitoring for drug side effects and encouraging follow-up care are essential components of nursing care.
Conclusion
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a prevalent condition with multifactorial causes that significantly affects patients’ quality of life. Effective management requires a combination of lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, and patient education. Nurses play a vital role in assessing symptoms, providing education, and supporting medical treatments to improve patient outcomes and prevent complications like esophageal damage or Barrett’s esophagus.
References
- Fung, R. D., et al. (2018). Management of GERD in adults. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 190(13), E383–E390.
- Katz, P. O., et al. (2016). ACG clinical guideline for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 111(1), 1-28.
- Peghini, P. C., et al. (2018). Pathophysiology of GERD. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 33(4), 723–731.
- Silbiger, J., & El-Serag, H. (2020). Proton pump inhibitors and management of GERD. Gastroenterology Clinics of North America, 49(2), 217–232.
- Vakil, N., et al. (2017). Reflux disease management: an overview. Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology, 51(5), 390–396.
- Vaezi, M. F., et al. (2019). GERD pathogenesis and management updates. Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 13(2), 05–15.
- Hunt, R., et al. (2018). Esophageal manometry and pH testing in GERD. Gastroenterology Review, 13(1), 17–24.
- Omar, H., et al. (2020). Surgical management of GERD. Surgical Endoscopy, 34(2), 651–661.
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2022). GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease). https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/acid-reflux-gerd
- Chung, J., et al. (2019). Patient education for GERD management. Journal of Nursing Practice, 34(4), 210–217.