Trace The History Of Cannabis Use And Its Effect On Health

Trace the history of cannabis use and its effect on health (select one current article from a nursing journal on the benefits and/or hazards of smoking cannabis)

Cannabis sativa, originating from China as early as 1500 BC, has played a significant role in human history, initially utilized for its seeds in animal feed, oil-based paints, and fiber for ropes. Over centuries, its medicinal properties were recognized in various cultures, leading to its integration into traditional medicine. Modern scientific research has begun to validate some of these traditional claims, especially concerning its potential therapeutic benefits. A recent article from a nursing journal highlights both the benefits and hazards associated with medicinal cannabis use, emphasizing the need for cautious integration into healthcare practices.

Research indicates that cannabis possesses substantial therapeutic potential. It has been shown to effectively manage chronic pain, which is particularly beneficial for patients with conditions such as cancer and neuropathic disorders. For instance, cannabis’s active compounds, particularly cannabinoids like THC and CBD, interact with the endocannabinoid system to modulate pain perception, often providing relief where other medications fail. Additionally, cannabis has demonstrated efficacy in reducing nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy, thereby improving patients' quality of life. It may also have neuroprotective effects, potentially aiding in conditions like epilepsy and PTSD, by reducing seizure frequency and mitigating traumatic stress symptoms.

However, the use of cannabis is not without significant hazards. Pulmonary health concerns are prominent, especially with smoked forms. Cannabis smoke contains carcinogens similar to those found in tobacco smoke, raising concerns about lung cancer and respiratory diseases. Long-term use has also been linked to cognitive impairments, including memory deficits, and potential mental health issues such as anxiety, paranoia, and psychosis, particularly in vulnerable populations. Furthermore, there is ongoing debate about its addictive potential; although cannabis is often considered less addictive than other substances, frequent and high-dose use can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms, complicating its medical application.

The stakeholders surrounding medicinal cannabis are diverse. Supporters include healthcare professionals, patient advocacy groups, and some governmental agencies advocating for its therapeutic benefits and economic potential. Opponents mainly comprise policymakers concerned about abuse, mental health risks, and the lack of comprehensive regulation. Public health officials worry about the potential increase in recreational use and associated harms, emphasizing the need for strict guidelines and education.

Recent nursing research underlines the importance of developing evidence-based policies to maximize benefits while minimizing harms. It advocates for rigorous clinical trials to establish optimal dosing, delivery methods, and safety profiles. Nurses play a crucial role in patient education, monitoring for adverse effects, and advocating for responsible use. The increasing acceptance of medicinal cannabis suggests future practice will involve standardized formulations, clear guidelines, and integration into broader pain and palliative care programs.

Policy implications focus on creating robust legal frameworks that regulate cultivation, distribution, and medicinal use, ensuring patient safety and controlling black market activities. As laws evolve, healthcare providers must stay informed about legal requirements and emerging evidence to guide appropriate prescribing practices. The future of medicinal cannabis in nursing hinges on ongoing research, education, and patient-centered care models that balance benefits against risks.

References

• Fedorova, E. V., & Lankenau, S. E. (2017). Illicit drug use among young adult marijuana users in Los Angeles: Implications for medical use. Drug & Alcohol Dependence, 171, e62.
• Pinkas, J., Jabłoński, P., Kidawa, M., & Wierzba, W. (2016). Use of marijuana for medical purposes. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 23(3), 351–358.
• Volkow, N. D., & McLellan, A. T. (2016). The Role of Science in Addressing the Public Health Crisis of Marijuana Legalization. JAMA, 316(12), 1253–1254.
• Mechoulam, R., & Parker, L. A. (2013). The endocannabinoid system and the brain. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 455–481.
• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2017). The health effects of cannabis and cannabinoids: Current state of evidence and recommendations for research. National Academies Press.
• Bornheimer, C., & Cohen, I. (2011). Cannabis and lung health: A review of the evidence. Journal of Pulmonary Medicine, 18(2), 101–107.
• Reiman, A., Welty, M., & Saha, K. (2017). Cannabis as medicine: The science beyond the controversy. Palliative & supportive care, 15(2), 150–157.
• House, R., & Gonzalez, R. (2019). Implications of legalizing medical cannabis for nursing practice. Nursing Outlook, 67(4), 319–326.
• Ware, M. A. (2019). Current and future perspectives on medicinal cannabis. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, 105(4), 862–869.
• Stark, L. J., & Subramanian, L. (2018). Balancing the harms and benefits of medicinal cannabis: The role of nurses. Nursing Clinics of North America, 53(2), 261–277.