Unit 6 Discussion 1: Substance Abusers Respond To The Follow

Unit 6 Discussion 1substance Abuserespond To The Following In Your Ini

Distinguish between substance use, abuse, and dependence, using current DSM-5 terminology and conceptualizations. Compare the presentation differences you could expect to see in an individual diagnosed with a generalized anxiety disorder who is dependent on marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamines, or cocaine. Briefly assess the factors involved in at least one ethnic and cultural issue related to substance abuse that is at the heart of a current controversy, including a perspective on diathesis-stress issues.

Paper For Above instruction

Substance use, abuse, and dependence are distinct concepts delineated within the DSM-5, reflecting different levels of severity and clinical presentation related to maladaptive patterns of substance-related behaviors. According to DSM-5 criteria, "substance use" refers to the consumption of a substance without significant interference in daily life or health. It is often viewed as a normal aspect of social or recreational activities that may not pose immediate health or social risks. In contrast, "substance abuse" involves a maladaptive pattern of use leading to significant impairment or distress within a 12-month period, characterized by recurrent use resulting in failure to fulfill major role obligations, use in physically hazardous situations, legal problems, or continued use despite social or interpersonal issues. Lastly, "substance dependence"—now often referred to as substance use disorder with severity specified—indicates a more serious pattern with features such as tolerance, withdrawal, unsuccessful efforts to cut down, and continued use despite adverse consequences. Dependence signifies a physiological or psychological reliance on a substance.

In individuals diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) who are dependent on substances like marijuana, alcohol, methamphetamines, or cocaine, clinical presentations can vary significantly, reflecting the pharmacological effects of these substances. Marijuana dependence in a GAD patient may manifest as increased irritability, sleep disturbances, or heightened anxiety symptoms once the effects wear off, complicating GAD symptoms such as excessive worry and restlessness. These individuals may also experience increased paranoia or cognitive impairments during intoxication or withdrawal phases. Alcohol dependence often presents with symptoms such as social withdrawal, impaired judgment, tremors, and heightened anxiety during withdrawal, which can intensify GAD symptoms. Similarly, methamphetamine dependence typically leads to hyperactivity, agitation, panic attacks, and paranoid ideation, all of which can exacerbate anxiety symptoms, especially during crash or withdrawal phases. Cocaine dependence shares features like increased alertness, paranoia, and restlessness, often resulting in heightened anxiety levels or panic during intoxication and withdrawal, thus interfering with GAD symptom stability.

Addressing cultural and ethnic issues in substance abuse involves understanding the nuanced social and structural factors that drive substance use disparities and controversy. For example, within Native American communities, substance abuse remains a critical issue intertwined with historical trauma, cultural dislocation, and socioeconomic disadvantages. These factors contribute to higher prevalence rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) and complications in treatment engagement. A diathesis-stress model suggests that genetic predispositions (diatheses) may interact with environmental stressors, such as discrimination, poverty, or historical trauma, to increase the risk of substance abuse among these populations. Recognizing these culturally specific factors is essential in formulating effective, culturally responsive interventions. Culturally rooted perspectives might highlight the importance of integrating traditional healing practices alongside contemporary treatments, acknowledging the stressors originating from historical oppression and current marginalization that serve as risk factors for SUDs (Gone & Alcántara, 2019). This understanding underscores the need for culturally competent care tailored to the unique needs of minority populations affected by substance abuse controversies.

References

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