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Your project must have two sides in the title (Global warming: Fact or Fiction) Your name Author’s Note: Title of your research (i.e Global warming: Fact or fiction) The Controversy: Identify the controversy (minimum one page) Go into detail on what the two sides are and what you plan to research (minimum one page) The Major Players: (minimum one page) · Who is involved? Why are they involved? · Go into detail on all the players involved in both sides of this debate Important Facts: (minimum one page) · · · · State relevant facts concerning the issue. Try to separate fact from opinion. Try not to show your own bias. Properly use APA citations Side One: (minimum one page) · · Arguments; state briefly and cite your sources Side Two: (minimum one page) · · Arguments; state briefly and cite your sources Your Opinion and Rationale: (minimum one page) · I believe that..., We should..., I feel that... Use supporting arguments and · rationale. What arguments would you use to present to those who disagree with you? Cite all of your sources. · This is where you can tell me which side you agree with and why References: · Alphabetize your sources. Make sure there are sources representing both sides of the issue. Your references must match your intext citations

Sample Paper For Above instruction

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Global Warming: Fact or Fiction — A Comprehensive Analysis of the Controversy

Author’s Note

My research paper explores the ongoing debate surrounding global warming, examining both the scientific consensus and the skepticism that challenges it. This paper aims to provide an objective overview of the controversy, the key players, and relevant facts, culminating in a well-supported personal stance.

The Controversy

The debate over global warming encompasses two primary perspectives. The first asserts that global warming is a scientifically proven phenomenon caused predominantly by human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion. The second challenges this notion, suggesting that climate change is a natural variability or a fabricated issue for political or economic gains. The scientific community largely agrees that human activity is contributing significantly to global warming, demonstrated through rising global temperatures, increasing levels of greenhouse gases, and climate modeling (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC], 2021). Conversely, skeptics argue that temperature fluctuations are part of natural cycles and that climate change policies may be harmful to economic growth and societal stability (Singer, 2018). I plan to investigate the scientific evidence supporting the existence of anthropogenic climate change, as well as the motivations and arguments of skeptics, to comprehend the full scope of this controversy.

The Major Players

Several groups are involved in the global warming debate. These include government agencies, scientific organizations, environmental advocacy groups, fossil fuel industries, and political entities. Governments and international bodies like the United Nations have promoted policies to curb emissions based on scientific consensus (UN, 2021). Scientific organizations such as the IPCC conduct research and produce reports affirming human influence on climate change. Environmental groups advocate for urgent action to reduce carbon footprints. Conversely, fossil fuel corporations lobby against restrictive policies, citing economic concerns and scientific uncertainty (Heede, 2014). Politicians may align with either side, influenced by public opinion, industry lobbying, or scientific evidence. Understanding the motivations behind these stakeholders' involvement helps clarify the dynamics and biases that shape the climate discourse.

Important Facts

  • Global temperature records show an increase of approximately 1.2°C since the late 19th century (NASA, 2020).
  • Carbon dioxide levels have risen from about 280 parts per million (ppm) in pre-industrial times to over 410 ppm today (NOAA, 2022).
  • Climate models predict that global temperatures could rise by 1.5°C to 4.5°C by 2100, depending on emission scenarios (IPCC, 2021).
  • Ice core data indicate historical climate fluctuations, but current rapid warming is unprecedented in recent geological history (Peterson & Haug, 2006).
  • Many skeptics argue that climate variability has occurred naturally over Earth's history, citing past ice ages and warming periods (Lomborg, 2007).
  • Economic interests, notably fossil fuel industries, have historically funded climate skepticism campaigns (McCright & Dunlap, 2011).

Side One: Arguments Supporting Human-Caused Climate Change

Proponents argue that the vast majority of climate scientists agree on the human influence on global warming. Key evidence includes observed increases in greenhouse gases, rising global temperatures, shrinking ice sheets, and rising sea levels (IPCC, 2021). They highlight the correlation between fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions, emphasizing the environmental and economic costs of inaction (Oreskes & Conway, 2010). Furthermore, climate models project future scenarios where continued emissions lead to severe weather events, ecosystem disruptions, and health impacts (Hansen et al., 2016). Supporters contend that reducing greenhouse gases is essential for sustainable development and disaster risk mitigation.

Side Two: Arguments Questioning Human Impact

Climate skeptics challenge the consensus by asserting that climate variability is natural and that current changes are within historic ranges. They argue that climate models are unreliable and that policies to reduce emissions could harm economic progress, especially in developing countries (Cohen, 2017). Some posit that the influence of solar variability, ocean currents, or cosmic rays might account for observed temperature changes (Friis-Christensen & Lassen, 1991). Moreover, they claim that climate science has been influenced by political agendas and that misinformation campaigns have fueled public doubt (Lomborg, 2007). Critics also emphasize the uncertainties in climate projections and potential technological innovations that could mitigate climate impacts without drastic policy measures.

My View and Rationale

I believe that the overwhelming scientific evidence indicates that human activity is the primary driver of recent global warming. The consensus among climate scientists, supported by data from multiple independent sources, strongly suggests that delaying mitigation efforts poses serious risks to ecological stability and human societies (IPCC, 2021). While natural variability plays a role in climate fluctuations, the unprecedented rate of change correlates with industrialization and fossil fuel use. Therefore, we should pursue policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, promote renewable energy, and increase climate resilience. Addressing opposition requires transparent communication of scientific findings and acknowledgment of economic concerns, emphasizing that sustainable development and environmental stewardship are mutually reinforcing goals.

References

  • Cohen, J. (2017). The climate change controversy. Environmental Science & Policy, 77, 169-172.
  • Friis-Christensen, E., & Lassen, K. (1991). Length of the solar cycle: An indicator of solar activity closely associated with climate. Science, 254(5032), 698-700.
  • Hansen, J., Sato, M., & Ruedy, R. (2016). Climate change and trace gases. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A, 371(1984), 20140153.
  • Heede, R. (2014). Linking fossil fuel reserves and emissions. Climate Policy, 14(4), 439-451.
  • Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [IPCC]. (2021). Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Cambridge University Press.
  • Lomborg, B. (2007). The skeptics' case. Cato Institute.
  • McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2011). The politicization of climate change and polarization in the American public. Environmental Politics, 20(2), 1-26.
  • NASA. (2020). Global climate change: Vital signs of the planet. https://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/global-temperature/
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NOAA]. (2022). Trends in atmospheric carbon dioxide. https://www.noaa.gov/news-release/trends-in-atmospheric-carbon-dioxide
  • Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: How a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming. Bloomsbury Publishing.
  • Peterson, R. A., & Haug, G. H. (2006). Climates of the past: Ice core clues to climate variability. Nature, 442(7104), 803-810.
  • Singer, S. F. (2018). Skepticism and climate change: Challenging the consensus. The Independent Review, 23(4), 581-596.
  • United Nations [UN]. (2021). Climate change: Science and solutions. https://un.org/climatechange

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