Using Textbook And Outside Sources As References In APA Form

Using textbook and outside source as reference APA format

Using the textbooks and outside sources as references, this paper explores the importance of high standards of research ethics, the dangers of conflicts of interest, the difference between ethical responsibility and ethical dilemma, and shares an example of ethical dilemma or moral distress in nursing today. The emphasis on ethical standards is fundamental in ensuring the integrity, credibility, and safety of research and clinical practice within healthcare.

One reason for adhering to high standards of ethics in research is to maintain public trust and confidence. According to Houser (2020), ethical conduct in research prevents deception, fraud, and manipulation, which could otherwise compromise the validity of findings and the welfare of research participants. The importance of research ethics is especially crucial given that research directly influences patient care practices and health policies. Violations of ethical standards can lead to harm, misinformation, and diminished trust in the healthcare system. Another critical ethical aspect discussed by Stefaniak and Mazurkiewicz (2017), is that strict adherence to ethical principles promotes fairness and justice, ensuring that research is conducted responsibly and equitably.

The dangers of conflict of interest in research are significant because they threaten the objectivity and impartiality of the findings. A conflict of interest occurs when personal or financial interests may influence professional judgment (Houser, 2020). Such conflicts can lead researchers to manipulate data, overstate positive outcomes, or neglect adverse effects to benefit their interests. This can ultimately compromise patient safety, skew scientific knowledge, and diminish public trust in research findings. It is essential for researchers and clinicians to disclose potential conflicts transparently and to prioritize patient welfare and ethical standards over personal gains.

Concerning ethical responsibility versus ethical dilemma, Houser (2020) delineates that ethical responsibility refers to the duty of healthcare professionals to act in the best interest of patients, adhering to ethical principles like beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. In contrast, an ethical dilemma arises when healthcare providers face situations where they must choose between conflicting ethical principles, and no clear resolution aligns with all principles optimally. These dilemmas often involve complex considerations, such as balancing respect for patient autonomy against beneficence.

An example of ethical dilemma in nursing involves a situation where a terminally ill patient requests assisted euthanasia, which conflicts with the nurse’s professional duty to preserve life and adhere to legal and institutional policies. This dilemma generates moral distress, as nurses grapple with their personal, professional, and legal responsibilities. Such situations highlight the critical need for ethical frameworks and support systems to help nurses navigate these challenging circumstances ethically and compassionately.

In conclusion, maintaining high standards of ethics in research and clinical practice is indispensable for safeguarding patient rights, ensuring scientific integrity, and fostering trust in healthcare. Understanding the distinction between ethical responsibility and dilemma aids nurses and researchers to develop moral resilience and apply ethical principles effectively in complex situations.

Paper For Above instruction

References

• Houser, J. (2020). Nursing research: Reading, using, and creating evidence. Jones & Bartlett Learning.
• Stefaniak, M., & Mazurkiewicz, B. (2017). The importance of adhering to high standards of research ethics. British Journal of Nursing, 26(1), 62.
• Feeney, S., & Freeman, N. K. (2016). Ethical issues: Responsibilities and dilemmas. YC: Young Children, 71(1), 86.
• Beauchamp, T.L., & Childress, J.F. (2019). Principles of biomedical ethics. Oxford University Press.
• American Nurses Association. (2015). Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements. ANA.
• Resnik, D. B. (2018). Ethics of research with human subjects: Protecting research participants. National Academies Press.
• Levine, C., et al. (2016). Bioethics and clinical dilemmas. Journal of Medical Ethics, 42(7), 419-423.
• Hunt, S. (2017). Moral distress and ethical climate in nursing. Journal of Nursing Ethics, 24(3), 221-229.
• Gillon, R. (2019). Ethics needs principles—Four can encompass the rest—and respect for autonomy should be 'first among equals'. Journal of Medical Ethics, 45(9), 529-530.
• Reamer, F. G. (2020). Ethical standards for social work practice. Social Work, 65(2), 85-92.