Using The Information From Assignments 13 Complete And Submi

Using The Information From Assignments 13 Complete And Submit Part 1

Using the information from assignments 1–3, complete and submit Part 1 of the first draft of the Key Assignment. You are the Program Manager, and you are trying to decide on the best course of action to decrease incidence and prevalence of the disease chosen in Week 1. You must decide from the data which population is most at-risk and decide on the most appropriate intervention to which you should allocate funds. To do this, you need to see the big picture. In this assignment, you will write a proposal to your Chief Executive Officer outlining the following: History of the disease (show trends and data) Needs assessment for your population: Demographics Social factors that may increase risk (poverty, health insurance, race/ethnicity, etc.) Morbidity and mortality data Incidence and prevalence data Suggested intervention program with cost analysis Justification and explanation for why this is the most appropriate intervention for the target population

Paper For Above instruction

Introduction

The increasing incidence and prevalence of infectious diseases pose significant challenges to public health systems worldwide. Strategic interventions require a comprehensive understanding of disease trends, at-risk populations, and social determinants influencing health outcomes. This paper presents a detailed proposal targeting an infectious disease—specifically, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)—to address its growing burden within a defined population. The objective is to provide the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) with an evidence-based plan that highlights disease history, population needs, risk factors, and a cost-effective intervention strategy.

History and Trends of Diabetes Mellitus

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has seen a dramatic rise over the past decades. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in the United States increased from 4.9% in 1980 to approximately 10.5% in 2020 (CDC, 2022). The trend reflects a proportional increase in both incidence and prevalence, particularly among middle-aged and older adults. Data indicate that, nationally, insulin resistance and obesity are primary contributors, with socioeconomic factors influencing disease progression. These trends underscore the urgency for targeted intervention, particularly among vulnerable populations.

Needs Assessment of the Population

Demographics

The target demographic comprises adults aged 45-65 residing in an urban region characterized by diverse racial and socioeconomic backgrounds. Data from the local health department show that this age group has the highest incidence of T2DM, particularly among racial minorities such as African Americans and Hispanics.

Social Factors Enhancing Risk

Social determinants of health play a crucial role in disease risk. Poverty, limited access to healthcare, lack of health insurance, and racial/ethnic disparities contribute to increased vulnerability. For instance, individuals living below the federal poverty level often lack consistent access to preventive healthcare and nutritional foods, which exacerbates disease development and progression (Braveman et al., 2011). Moreover, cultural factors and health literacy levels influence health-seeking behaviors and disease management.

Morbidity and Mortality Data

Morbidity data reveal that individuals with T2DM are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases, neuropathy, renal failure, and diabetic retinopathy, leading to reduced quality of life and increased healthcare costs (American Diabetes Association [ADA], 2023). Mortality rates associated with diabetes have declined slightly due to better management; however, disparities persist, especially in marginalized communities. The CDC reports that diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death nationally, with African American and Hispanic populations experiencing disproportionately higher mortality rates (CDC, 2022).

Incidence and Prevalence Data

The incidence rate of T2DM has increased markedly, with approximately 1.4 million new cases diagnosed annually in the U.S. (CDC, 2022). The prevalence is higher in communities with socioeconomic disadvantages. Data suggest that prevalence among African Americans and Hispanics is nearly double that of non-Hispanic whites, emphasizing the importance of targeting these populations for intervention (American Heart Association [AHA], 2021).

Suggested Intervention Program and Cost Analysis

An effective intervention should focus on community-based education, screening, lifestyle modification programs, and improved access to healthcare services. The proposed program includes:

- Community health worker-led education sessions about healthy eating and physical activity.

- Free screening events for early detection and risk stratification.

- Partnerships with local clinics to facilitate affordable management.

- Support groups and culturally tailored health education.

A preliminary cost analysis estimates that implementing such a program in a community of approximately 10,000 residents would require an initial investment of approximately $250,000 annually. Costs include staffing, educational materials, screening supplies, and administrative expenses. The long-term economic benefits, including reduced hospitalization and complication management, are projected to exceed costs, saving approximately $1 million over five years through decreased disease burden.

Justification for the Chosen Intervention

This intervention aligns with evidence demonstrating that community engagement, early detection, and lifestyle support can significantly reduce the incidence and progression of T2DM (Li et al., 2019). Culturally tailored programs enhance participation among minority groups, directly addressing social determinants influencing health behaviors. Investing in prevention and early management mitigates long-term complications, reduces healthcare costs, and improves quality of life for at-risk populations.

Conclusion

Addressing the rising prevalence of T2DM requires targeted, culturally competent, and resource-efficient strategies. By focusing on high-risk demographics in urban settings and emphasizing community empowerment, the proposed intervention offers a sustainable solution to reduce disease burden. This approach fosters health equity and aligns with public health goals of preventing chronic disease through proactive, community-centric efforts.

References

• American Diabetes Association. (2023). Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement 1), S1–S142.
• American Heart Association. (2021). Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics—2021 Update. Circulation, 143(8), e254–e743.
• Braveman, P., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R. (2011). The concept of health equity. Annual Review of Public Health, 32, 357–373.
• CDC. (2022). National Diabetes Statistics Report, 2022. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
• Li, R., Zhang, P., Barker, L., Chowdhury, F., & Zhang, X. (2019). The Preventive Effects of Lifestyle Modification on Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum, 32(4), 282–290.
• World Health Organization. (2016). Global Report on Diabetes. WHO Press.