Vallejo Created The Towns Of Petaluma And Santa 684327

Vallejo Created The Towns Of Petaluma And Santa

Vallejo created the towns of Petaluma and Santa Rosa primarily to thwart efforts in California by this country: A- Russia. B- France. C- Great Britain. D- the United States. Under Figueroa’s plan for secularizing the missions, mission lands and properties were to be given to A- soldiers. B- leaders of powerful families. C- the Mexican government. D- neophytes. Of the following groups, which was lowest on the class hierarchy of Mexican California? A- Pobladores B- Civil officials C- Rancheros D- Leading merchants. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of the new system created by the 1824 Mexican constitution? A- Territories ruled by the Mexican Congress B- Well-educated voters C- Territorial governors appointed by the Mexican government D- Democratic governance. Mexican California’s economy depended primarily upon A- the output of the ranchos and pueblos. B- the value of beaver pelts sold by mountain men. C- the hide-and-tallow trade. D- the output of the missions. Under Governor Echeandàa, the seat of colonial government in California was in this city: A- Monterey B- San Diego. C- San José. D- Los Ángeles. Rancho San Pedro was located near present-day A- Los Ángeles. B- San Diego. C- Santa Barbara. D- San Luis Obispo. Monterey and Los Angeles grew rapidly after 1822 primarily because they A- were well-protected from Indian raids. B- had efficient governing systems. C- were important centers of the hide-and-tallow trade. D- had adequate water supplies. Which of the following was NOT a port involved in the hide-and-tallow trade of Mexican California? A- Monterey B- San Diego C- Los Ángeles D- Eureka. Which two countries dominated the shipping of hides and tallow from California? A- Holland and Great Britain B- United States and Great Britain C- Russia and the United States D- Spain and Mexico. Transactions between American hide-and-tallow ships and California locals used this as currency: A- the American dollar. B- cow hides. C- the Mexican peso. D- the British pound. Which one of these governors served last? A- Solá B- Figueroa C- Victoria D- Echeandàa. The main product of ranchos was A- cattle B- sheep C- wine D- wheat. Which group was at the bottom of the class hierarchy of Mexican California? A- Vaqueros B- Mestizo rancheros C- Indians D- Pobladores. Governor Victoria’s rule ended when A- he was assassinated. B- he died of natural causes. C- he was recalled from office by the Mexican government. D- he was confronted with a revolt in southern California. In what year did Mexican authorities become aware that American mountain men were in California? A- 1816 B- 1826 C- 1836 D- 1836. Governor Echeandàa put MOST of his attention on dealing with A- putting down revolts from local elites. B- secularization of the missions and other Indian affairs. C- enriching himself at the expense of Natives. D- trade matters, especially hides and tallow. Which of the following groups benefited MOST from desecularization? A- Neophytes B- Soldiers C- Gentiles D- Rancheros. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of Governor Alvarado’s tenure? A- Major political unrest B- Importance of hide-and-tallow trade C- Completion of secularization D- Acceleration of the rancho economy. The rich and elaborate life of the ranchero depended MOST upon A- military protection from Indian raids. B- cheap Indian labor. C- fertile soil for farming. D- advanced agricultural technology. Which of the following types of young people were most likely to get an education in Mexican California? A- Sons of pobladores B- All young males had compulsory public education. C- Sons of military members D- Sons of rancheros. Which American mountain man showed up at Mission San Gabriel to the consternation of Governor Echeandàa? A- Jim Beckwourth B- Jim Bridger C- John Colter D- Jedediah Smith. Spanish and Mexican land grants were most heavily concentrated A- in the deserts of southeastern California. B- near the coast from San Diego to San Francisco. C- in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada. D- in the southern San Joaquin Valley.

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Vallejo Created The Towns Of Petaluma And Santa

The establishment of towns such as Petaluma and Santa Rosa in California by Vallejo was primarily motivated by strategic and political reasons, notably to counter foreign influences in the region. During the early 19th century, California was a contested space among various powers, with Spain, Russia, France, and the United States showing interest in its territories. Vallejo's creation of these towns aimed to assert Spanish/Mexican control and diminish external threats, particularly from foreign countries that sought to expand their influence in North America. The options in the question reveal that the correct answer is C- Great Britain, which was actively interested in establishing influence in California during this era, although ultimately overshadowed by American expansionist policies.

Figueroa’s secularization plan was part of broader Mexican reforms in California. It intended to distribute mission lands and properties to various groups to reduce church dominance and integrate Native populations into colonial society. The land was chiefly allocated to the Mexican government, soldiers, and influential local families, while the neophytes (native converts) were intended to gain some privileges within the system. The correct answer here is C- the Mexican government, emphasizing government control over mission resources during secularization.

Mexican California's social hierarchy placed power and privilege on rancheros, civil officials, and wealthy merchants, with indigenous peoples and lower-class natives residing at the bottom. Among these, the Pobladores—a category often representing native residents or early settlers—were among the lowest classes, especially given their marginalized social and economic position. Thus, D- Pobladores is the correct answer, reflecting their subdued status within the colonial hierarchy.

The Mexican constitution of 1824 aimed to decentralize governance, establishing territories governed as separate entities with local representation. Unlike earlier centralized systems, the new constitution promoted democratic principles, including elected assemblies and participatory governance. However, territories were still ruled by the Mexican Congress, and governors were appointed by the Mexican government. The characteristics that were not part of this system are well-educated voters, which was a less emphasized feature, making B- Well-educated voters the correct choice, as education levels varied and did not underpin the new constitutional system.

Economically, California relied heavily on its ranchos (large land grants for cattle), pueblos, and the mission system. Ranchos, in particular, were the backbone of the economy, focusing on cattle ranching, which supplied hides, tallow, and beef for export. The emphasis was on cattle, making A- the output of the ranchos and pueblos the primary economic activity, rather than the fur trade or mission outputs.

Governor Echeandía’s seat of colonial government was initially in Monterey, which served as the hub of political and military administration. Monterey’s strategic port and central location made it the administrative capital during the Mexican period before the seat moved or was contested in subsequent years. Therefore, the correct answer is A- Monterey.

Rancho San Pedro was located near present-day Los Angeles, highlighting the importance of this area during California’s ranching era. It played a key role in the development of the region and the subsequent growth of Los Angeles city. The correct answer is A- Los Angeles.

The rapid growth of Monterey and Los Angeles after 1822 was primarily due to their roles as centers of the hide-and-tallow trade. These ports became vital for exporting cattle products to international markets, especially to the United States and abroad. Their importance was linked to trade dynamics, as the demand for beef, hides, and tallow surged, fostering economic expansion.

Not all ports in California participated equally in this trade; notably, Eureka was not involved, as it was a much later development and lacked direct access to the early hide-and-tallow trade routes. Therefore, D- Eureka is correct as the port not involved in this trade during that period.

The international shipping of California’s hides and tallow was dominated chiefly by the United States and Great Britain, reflecting the economic and maritime interests of these countries in Pacific trade in the 19th century. They held significant control over the trade routes and commerce, making B- the United States and Great Britain the correct answer.

Transactions between American ships and California locals often used cow hides as a form of currency, a practice that facilitated barter and trade during the early economic period of California’s ranching industry. Cow hides served as a practical medium of exchange before monetary systems were fully established, so B- cow hides is correct.

Among the governors of Mexican California, Juan Bautista Alvarado served last in the sequence of prominent leaders. His tenure followed that of other early governors and was marked by political tensions, leading to his eventual replacement or departure. The correct answer is A- Solá, considering the chronological order and key figures involved in California’s governance during this period.

The main product arising from ranchos was cattle, which provided beef, hides, and tallow essential for trade and sustenance. Cattle ranching was the foundation of California’s ranchos economy, emphasizing bovine agriculture over sheep, wheat, or wine, making A- cattle the primary product.

The lowest class within the social hierarchy of Mexican California was the indigenous peoples, often referred to as Indians. They occupied the most marginalized and least privileged position, with limited rights and economic opportunities. The correct answer then is C- Indians.

Governor Victoria’s rule in California ended when he was recalled from office by the Mexican government, driven by political disagreements and regional conflicts. His departure marked significant political shifts in early California governance, making C- he was recalled from office by the Mexican government the correct choice.

Mexican authorities became aware of American mountain men’s presence in California around 1826, as their activities in trapping and exploring the region increased significantly during this period. These mountain men played a crucial role in later American interests in California, hence 1826 is the correct year.

Governor Echeandía's primary focus was on trade matters, particularly dealing with the lucrative hide-and-tallow industry, which was central to California’s economy at the time. His attention was also directed at secularization policies and managing Native populations, yet trade was a key concern, making D- trade matters, especially hides and tallow the correct answer.

Desecularization, which involved redistributing mission lands and integrating Native populations into colonial society, benefited mostly rancheros, who gained land and influence as mission properties were secularized. These landholders expanded their estates and wealth, making D- Rancheros the group that benefited most.

Governor Alvarado’s tenure was characterized by political unrest, significant importance of the hide-and-tallow trade, and increasing ranchero influence. However, it also involved continued secularization and economic development. The characteristic most notably missing or less associated with his tenure was C- Completion of secularization, as secularization was a gradual process that was publicly marked but not fully completed during his tenure.

The ranchero’s wealthy and elaborate lifestyle heavily depended on cheap Indian labor, which allowed them to operate large-scale cattle ranching and agricultural enterprises efficiently. This reliance on indigenous labor was a defining feature of their economic and social standing, making B- cheap Indian labor the correct answer.

Younger males in Mexican California typically gained education if they belonged to prominent families such as ranchers or military families, as public education was limited and often reserved for elites. Sons of rancheros or military men were more likely to receive formal education, thus D- Sons of rancheros is the best answer.

The American mountain man who caused concern at Mission San Gabriel was Jedediah Smith, an explorer known for his fur trapping expeditions in California. His presence alarmed authorities due to fears of American encroachment and the impact on Mexican sovereignty. Thus, D- Jedediah Smith is correct.

Spanish and Mexican land grants were most heavily concentrated near the coast from San Diego to San Francisco, reflecting the focus on coastal development, agriculture, and settlement. This pattern established the economic and social centers of California’s early territorial history, so B- near the coast from San Diego to San Francisco is correct.

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