Week 7 Discussion: Circuit Switching And VPNs

Week 7 Discussion 1circuit Packet Switching And Vpns Please Respond

Week 7 Discussion 1 Circuit Packet Switching and VPNs. Please respond to the following: · From the e-Activity, analyze at least one major advantage of private networks and the impact it creates for a communication technology organization. Be sure to provide your source either as an article or URL. · From the e-Activity, compare three VPN services available to organizations to determine the primary differences among each. Discuss the pros and cons of each VPN service and suggest the type of organization that would best fit each network provider. Week 7 Discussion 2 ATM and Frame Relay. Please respond to the following: · Compare the advantages and disadvantages of ATM to those of frame relay. Recommend the superior technology and explain your rationale. · Suppose you are in charge of selecting ATM or frame relay as a WAN alternative for your technological needs of a communication technology organization. Choose one of the WAN alternatives and justify your decision. Bottom of Form Bottom of Form 1) Prove the following relationship between change in price and change in specific tax rates: 2) When the price of broadband access capacity increases by 10%, commercial customers buy about 3.8% less capacity. What is the elasticity of demand for broadband access? Is demand at the current price elastic or inelastic? 3) Would you prefer for a 15 cent per gallon tax on milk to be collected from milk producers or from consumers at the store? Why? 4) Use calculus to prove that the elasticity of demand is a constant everywhere along the demand curve whose demand function is given by: 5) The supply curve is Q = g + hp. Derive a formula for the elasticity of supply in terms of p (and not Q). Now give one entirely in terms of Q. 6) Use math to show that, as the supply curve at the equilibrium becomes nearly perfectly elastic, the entire incidence of a specific tax will fall on consumers. t e h h D ෠෠ภචৠৠè ঠ- = D P t Ap p Q = ) (

Paper For Above instruction

The discussion prompt encompasses a variety of topics related to networking technologies and economic principles affecting demand and supply, but the focus primarily revolves around the analysis of private networks, VPN services, WAN technologies, and economic elasticity related to taxes and demand. This paper provides a comprehensive exploration of these issues, beginning with private networks and extending to VPN comparison, WAN technology evaluation, and elasticity analysis, integrating relevant scholarly sources for a cohesive discussion.

Advantages of Private Networks and Their Organizational Impact

Private networks, also known as private intranets, provide organizations with numerous advantages that significantly impact communication efficiency, security, and control. One primary advantage is enhanced security. By utilizing dedicated infrastructure, organizations can implement strict security protocols, control access, and reduce exposure to external threats (Chen & Lee, 2021). This is vital for institutions handling sensitive information such as financial data, healthcare records, and proprietary research, as it minimizes vulnerabilities often associated with public networks.

Another critical advantage is improved performance and reliability. Private networks typically offer higher bandwidth and lower latency compared to public internet connections, which ensures faster data transfer and stable communication channels. For example, financial institutions rely on private networks to execute high-frequency trading with minimal delays (Smith, 2020). The impact on such organizations is substantial, as it allows for real-time data exchange, optimized operational workflows, and competitive advantages in their respective markets.

Furthermore, private networks afford greater control over network management and configuration, allowing organizations to tailor their communication infrastructure to specific operational needs. This flexibility supports advanced features like VoIP, video conferencing, and cloud integration, which are critical for modern business functions (Johnson, 2019). Overall, private networks enhance organizational security, performance, and control, leading to improved efficiency and security posture.

Comparison of Three VPN Services: Primary Differences, Pros, and Cons

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) serve as essential tools for remote access, secure communication, and data protection. Among various VPN services, three notable providers are NordVPN, Cisco AnyConnect, and ExpressVPN. Each offers distinct features, advantages, and limitations suited to different organizational needs.

NordVPN is renowned for its strong security features, including double VPN encryption and a strict no-logs policy. Its primary advantage lies in its affordability and robust security protocols, making it suitable for small to medium-sized organizations seeking cost-effective yet secure solutions (NordVPN, 2023). However, its speed can sometimes be inconsistent, and its interface may be less suitable for enterprise-scale deployment compared to specialized solutions (Kumar & Singh, 2020).

Cisco AnyConnect is designed primarily for enterprise organizations requiring reliable, scalable, and manageable VPN solutions. Its integration with Cisco’s extensive network infrastructure provides seamless compatibility with corporate networks and advanced security features such as endpoint compliance checks. The primary advantages include high availability, multi-factor authentication, and centralized management (Cisco, 2023). The main disadvantages involve higher costs and complexity, which may be prohibitive for smaller organizations.

ExpressVPN is popular for its high speed, ease of use, and strong encryption protocols. It is suitable for organizations needing secure remote access without extensive IT management. Its pros include user-friendly interfaces and fast connections, but it lacks the integration capabilities and centralized management features preferred by larger enterprises (ExpressVPN, 2023). The primary con is its higher subscription cost compared to other VPN providers.

In sum, organizations must assess their size, security requirements, budget, and management needs to select the most suitable VPN service. Small organizations may favor NordVPN for affordability, while large enterprises are better served by Cisco AnyConnect’s comprehensive management features, and remote teams with high bandwidth needs might prefer ExpressVPN.

Advantages and Disadvantages of ATM and Frame Relay; Recommendation

As WAN technology options, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Frame Relay offer different benefits and limitations. ATM is a cell-based switching technology capable of handling diverse traffic types with Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees. Its advantages include scalability, support for real-time services like voice and video, and high reliability (Kumar, 2018). However, ATM's main drawbacks are its high cost and complexity, making deployment and maintenance expensive.

Frame Relay, on the other hand, is a packet-switching technology designed for cost-effective data transfer over WANs, primarily suitable for bursty data traffic. Its advantages include lower costs, simplicity, and ease of implementation (Zhou & Li, 2020). The disadvantages are less support for real-time traffic and limited QoS, which can hinder applications requiring consistent latency, such as voice and video.

Given these factors, ATM is superior where QoS, reliability, and support for real-time multimedia are critical, such as in government or financial sectors. Frame Relay is better suited for organizations prioritizing cost efficiency and handling predominantly data traffic that can tolerate delays, like enterprise backbones for file transfers (Odom, 2020).

Considering cost and simplicity, I recommend Frame Relay as a WAN technology for a mid-sized organization with less emphasis on real-time communication but requiring reliable data transfer at a lower cost. However, for a service provider or a multinational corporation with sensitive real-time data, ATM would be the preferable choice despite its higher expenses.

Economic Elasticity and Tax Incidence Analysis

The elasticity of demand measures how sensitive quantity demanded is to changes in price or other factors. When broadband capacity increases by 10%, and demand decreases by 3.8%, the price elasticity of demand (PED) can be calculated as:

PED = (% Change in Quantity Demanded) / (% Change in Price) = -3.8% / 10% = -0.38.

The absolute value (0.38) indicates that demand is inelastic since PED

In terms of tax collection, a 15-cent per gallon tax on milk would be preferable to be collected from consumers rather than producers if the goal is to minimize economic distortion and administrative costs. Since consumers typically bear most of the tax burden when the demand is relatively inelastic (as in the case of essential goods like milk), taxing consumers directly aligns with this characteristic, ensuring a more predictable revenue stream and less impact on producer pricing (Pechman, 2012).

Through calculus, the elasticity of demand is given by:

ε = (dQ/dP) * (P/Q)

, which is constant along a linear demand curve because dQ/dP is constant and P/Q remains proportional. Specifically, for a demand function Q = a - bP, the derivative dQ/dP = -b, so elasticity becomes:

ε = -b * (P/Q). As P and Q change proportionally, elasticity remains constant if the demand function is linear.

The elasticity of supply for the supply curve Q = g + hp can be derived as:

ε_s = (dQ/dP) (P/Q) = h P / (g + hP)

, which relates elasticity to price and quantity explicitly. If expressed solely in terms of Q, since Q = g + hP, then P = (Q - g)/h, and substituting back allows for elasticity calculations dependent entirely on Q.

In the case where supply becomes nearly perfectly elastic, i.e., very high h, the entire tax incidence tends to shift onto consumers, who bear the full burden of the tax, as producers can supply any quantity at the same price without price increase (Samuelson & Nordhaus, 2010).

Conclusion

This comprehensive analysis highlights the critical role private networks play in organizational security and efficiency, the distinctions between VPN services tailored to organizational needs, the suitability of WAN technologies based on organizational requirements and costs, and the economic principles underlying demand elasticity and tax incidence. Understanding these concepts enables better strategic decision-making in technology deployment and economic policy, fostering more resilient and efficient organizational and market environments.

References

• Cisco. (2023). Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client. Cisco Systems. https://www.cisco.com
• Chen, L., & Lee, S. (2021). Security Implications of Private Networks. Journal of Network Security, 15(3), 205-213.
• ExpressVPN. (2023). Features and Pricing. ExpressVPN. https://www.expressvpn.com
• Johnson, M. (2019). The Role of Private Networks in Modern Business. Communications of the ACM, 62(12), 30-33.
• Kumar, R. (2018). A Comparative Study of ATM and Frame Relay Technologies. International Journal of Network Management, 28(4), e2033.
• Kumar, S., & Singh, P. (2020). VPN Technologies for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises. Journal of Information Security, 11(2), 85-97.
• Mankiw, N. G. (2020). Principles of Economics (9th ed.). Cengage Learning.
• NordVPN. (2023). Features and Security. NordVPN. https://nordvpn.com
• Odom, W. (2020). WAN Technologies: ATM vs Frame Relay. Network World, 37(6), 22-24.
• Pechman, J. A. (2012). Tax Incidence and Economic Efficiency. Public Finance Review, 40(4), 434-450.
• Samuelson, P. A., & Nordhaus, W. D. (2010). Economics (19th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Zhou, Y., & Li, Q. (2020). Evaluation of Frame Relay and ATM in Enterprise Networks. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 68(7), 4483-4493.