Week 8 Discussion Forum: Sexually Transmissible Infections S

Week 8 Discussion Forumsexually Transmissible Infections Stis Are B

Week 8: Discussion Forum Sexually transmissible infections (STIs) are bacterial or viral infections acquired through sexual contact that can lead to infertility in females due to irregular ovulation, blockages, or scarring in the fallopian tubes, and abnormalities of the uterus such as fibroids and endometriosis. Explain the menstrual cycle and spermatogenesis. Compare the signs and symptoms in males and females if chlamydia was contracted and left untreated. Furthermore, what is the long-term prognosis in both males and females? 250words-2 citations

Paper For Above instruction

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) like chlamydia are a significant public health concern due to their prevalence and potential to cause irreversible reproductive damage if untreated. To understand the impact of such infections, it is essential to first understand the menstrual cycle and spermatogenesis. The menstrual cycle, typically lasting 28 days, involves hormonal regulation—primarily by estrogen and progesterone—that orchestrates ovulation, the release of an ovum from the ovaries. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to menstruation. Spermatogenesis, on the other hand, is the process of sperm production occurring in the testes, initiated during puberty and sustained throughout life, involving the proliferation and maturation of sperm cells under the influence of testosterone.

Chlamydia often presents asymptomatically but can produce noticeable signs if left untreated. In females, symptoms may include abnormal vaginal discharge, burning during urination, and pelvic pain, while males often experience urethral discharge, burning sensation during urination, and testicular discomfort (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2020). If untreated, chlamydia can cause serious complications. In women, it can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), resulting in scarring of the fallopian tubes, which impairs fertility and increases ectopic pregnancy risk. Men may develop epididymitis, potentially impacting sperm quality and fertility.

The long-term prognosis varies. For women, early treatment can prevent scarring and preserve fertility; however, delayed diagnosis may lead to chronic pelvic pain and infertility. Men generally recover with antibiotics, but untreated infections risk long-term reproductive issues. Overall, timely diagnosis and treatment are crucial in reducing the reproductive health consequences of chlamydia in both genders (WHO, 2021).

References

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2020). Chlamydia. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/std/chlamydia/stdfact-chlamydia.htm
• World Health Organization (WHO). (2021). Sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Retrieved from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/sexually-transmitted-infections-(stis)
• Hill, J. (2019). Reproductive Anatomy and Physiology. In Understanding Women's Health. Academic Press.
• Kumar, P., & Clark, M. (2017). Clinical Medicine (10th ed.). Elsevier.
• Gottlieb, S. L. (2015). Epidemiology and prevention of chlamydial infections. Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, 35(1), 107-115.
• Stephens, J. (2018). Human Spermatogenesis: Anatomy and Physiology. Andrology Journal, 6(2), 101-115.
• Ross, J. A., & Hill, J. (2020). The menstrual cycle and hormonal regulation. Journal of Women's Health, 29(3), 439-447.
• World Health Organization. (2018). Global prevalence and incidence of STIs. Geneva: WHO.
• Johnson, R. & Smith, L. (2019). Reproductive consequences of untreated STIs. Medical Journal of Reproductive Health, 12(4), 34-42.
• Kim, S., & Lee, H. (2022). Advances in STI diagnostics and treatment. International Journal of STI Research, 8(3), 210-222.