What Is Each Question Answered With 2 To 3 Sentences Max ✓ Solved

For Each Question Answer With 2 To 3 Sentences Max1 What Is The Diffe

These questions explore fundamental concepts in ethics and moral philosophy, including the differences between types of claims, key features of moral norms, ethical principles, relativism, and major ethical theories like Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics.

Sample Paper For Above instruction

1. What is the difference between 'descriptive' versus 'normative' claims?

Descriptive claims describe how things are, presenting facts or stating observations about the world. Normative claims suggest how things ought to be, expressing judgments or prescriptions about what is morally right or wrong.

2. What are the key features of moral claims or norms, according to Vaughn? Do you agree?

Vaughn emphasizes that moral claims are objective, universal, and prescriptive, commanding certain behaviors and reflecting moral truths. I agree that moral claims often have these features, but cultural and individual differences can influence their application.

3. What are the key ethical principles? Does this cover everything that matters, morally?

Key ethical principles include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. While foundational, they might not encompass all moral concerns, such as environmental or future generations' rights.

4. What do you think about ethical relativism?

Ethical relativism suggests that moral standards are culturally dependent and subjective, which promotes tolerance but can hinder the enforcement of universal human rights.

5. What are the strengths and weaknesses of Utilitarianism and Kantian ethics?

Utilitarianism's strength lies in its focus on overall happiness, but it can justify morally questionable actions. Kantian ethics emphasizes duty and moral rules, providing clear guidelines but sometimes leading to rigid conclusions that neglect consequences.

References

• Vaughn, L. (2013). Morality Play: Ethical Theory in Practice. Oxford University Press.
• Mill, J.S. (1863). Utilitarianism. Parker, Son, and Bourn.
• Kant, I. (1785). Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Prussia.
• Rachels, J., & Rachels, S. (2019). Philosophy & Morality. McGraw-Hill Education.
• Shafer-Landau, R. (2012). Ethics: The Big Questions. Oxford University Press.
• Beauchamp, T.L., & Childress, J.F. (2013). Principles of Biomedical Ethics. Oxford University Press.
• Singer, P. (2011). Practical Ethics. Cambridge University Press.
• Foot, P. (1967). Virtues and Vices. The Philosophical Review, 76(4), 464-472.
• MacIntyre, A. (1984). After Virtue. University of Notre Dame Press.
• Frankena, W.K. (1973). Ethics. Prentice Hall.