What Was Discussed In Response To The Juvenile Justice Syste

What Was Discussed In Responsethe Juvenile Justice System Has Sub

The juvenile justice system has substantially grown and changed since the late 1890s when the first juvenile court was established in Illinois, United States of America. The court process was informal during those days. These juvenile courts provided a probation system as well as apply a separate service delivery which provides adolescents and children with guidance, education and supervision. In 1967, the Supreme Court of the U.S said that Constitution states that those in juvenile have got many of the similar rights guaranteed to the adults who are suspects of crimes.

These includes the right to confront those witnesses who are against them and right to an attorney. The court has the youth the constitutional rights to have their trials which require proof beyond reasonable doubt. The court also gave them a right beyond double jeopardy (McCord, 2014). Today. Some changes have taken place in the juvenile justice system.

Developmental psychology has been emphasized on and enriched in the juvenile justice system today. This is in the way adolescent brain which is still development differs for adult brains. Juvenile courts nowadays consider whether a child or an adolescent is competent to stand the trial or if his/her confession was voluntary with consideration of developmental as well as scientific research about distinctive characteristics of adolescents and children. Juvenile courts are now putting more emphasis on education and training of these children which plays a very important role in their rehabilitation and change of behavior (Krisberg, 2012). These changes are good because these children are acquiring very important skills.

Education and training are providing them with skills which are very transformative. Most of them are getting out entirely different than they were when joining juvenile justice systems. We can, therefore, say that a lot of improvements have taken place since they kicked off. References Krisberg, B. (2012). Introduction to the juvenile justice system.

New York: Pearson. McCord, J. (2014). Changes in juvenile justice system. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.

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The discussion around juvenile rights in the justice system highlights the progress made over decades. The landmark 1967 Supreme Court case, In re Gault (McCord, 2014), established that juveniles are entitled to many constitutional rights similar to adults, such as the right to legal counsel, confrontation of witnesses, and protection against self-incrimination. However, some rights, such as the right to a trial by jury, remain limited or are not extended to juveniles. For example, juveniles generally do not have the right to a jury trial, which distinguishes them from adult defendants (National Juvenile Defender Center, 2020). These limitations are rooted in developmental considerations, recognizing that adolescents' decision-making capabilities differ from adults. Scientific research on juvenile brain development supports this, influencing policies to balance rights and developmental needs (Steinberg, 2014). Therefore, while juveniles have gained many protections, some rights like jury trials are still restricted to accommodate their developmental stage and facilitate rehabilitation strategies. This evolving legal landscape reflects ongoing efforts to ensure fairness while considering scientific insights into adolescent development.

References

• McCord, J. (2014). Changes in juvenile justice system. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons.
• National Juvenile Defender Center. (2020). Juvenile rights overview. Retrieved from https://njdc.info
• Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of opportunity: Lessons from the new science of adolescence. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
• Wald, J. (2018). Juvenile justice and the rights of youth. Journal of Juvenile Law, 22(3), 45-67.
• Alpert, G. P. (2016). Juvenile justice policy and practice. Cengage Learning.
• Frick, P. J., & Viding, E. (2014). Psychopathy and developmental risk. Development & Psychopathology, 26(4pt1), 1107-1123.
• Mears, D. P., & DeCarlo, J. (2018). Effective juvenile sentencing reforms. Justice Quarterly, 35(2), 242-265.
• Ryan, T., & Testa, M. F. (2017). The importance of individualized juvenile justice policies. Young Justice Journal, 12(4), 78-92.
• Ryan, J. P., & Livsey, T. (2019). Rights and services for juvenile offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 46(5), 673-690.
• U.S. Department of Justice. (2021). Juvenile justice reform initiatives. Retrieved from https://justice.gov