Which Section Of A Contract Contains Guidelines That 856394

Which Section Of A Contract Contains Guidelines That Ensure Fair

Which section of a contract contains guidelines that ensure fair practices? A. General conditions B. Unit price clause C. Project schedule D. Specifications

When choosing construction materials, choices based on each of the following promote sustainability as a building design factor except A. expense. B. useful life span. C. effect on energy consumption. D. recycling ability.

A stainless steel pipe measuring 120 feet in length is exposed to temperatures ranging from 30 to 110 degrees Fahrenheit. By how many inches would you expect the pipe's length to change as its temperature changes from one extreme to the other? A. 0.75 B. 0.50 C. 0.25 D. 1.

Four equal-length beams, each made of a different type of metal, are exposed to a 10-degree F change in temperature. If each of the beams is made from one of the metals listed below, which would experience the greatest change in length? A. Wrought iron B. Structural steel C. Gray cast iron D. Tungsten steel

The change in the exterior dimensions of an object that results from the application of a force is known as A. deformation. B. compression. C. strain. D. stress.

What is the safety factor of a steel beam with an allowable stress of 30,000 psi and a failure stress of 45,000 psi? A. 1.5 B. 0.15 C. 0.66 D. 6.

A rectangular metal bar is subjected to an external applied tensile load of 180,000 pounds. If this results in a calculated stress of 45,000 psi at failure, what are the bar's cross-sectional dimensions? A. 2 inches by 2 inches B. 1.5 inches by 2 inches C. 1.5 inches by 1.5 inches D. 1.5 inches by 2.5 inches

A material that breaks with very little deformation is best described as A. brittle. B. malleable. C. ductile. D. tensile.

Repeated exposure to and release from stress over time can cause material failure to occur in a structure. This process is known as A. fatigue. B. creep. C. shock load. D. shear modulus.

_______ describes a material's ability to maintain a new different shape after a changing force is removed. A. Plasticity B. Elasticity C. Conformability D. Durability

The lowest level of stress at which the increased strain on an object does not cause an increase in stress is called yield A. point. B. stress. C. value. D. strain.

A manufacturers' association is an organization that seeks to increase the sales of a certain product through different strategies. The _______ would be an example of a manufacturers' association. A. American Iron and Steel Institute B. American Standards Association C. American Product Association D. American Institute of Steel Construction

Which of the following is not considered an aggregate? A. Undisturbed soil B. Gravel C. Sand D. Slag

_______ rock is formed when small particles are deposited by natural causes and combined with cementing material. A. Sedimentary B. Granular C. Igneous D. Metamorphic

The type of rock mostly formed from the remains of sea creatures is called A. dolomite. B. basalt. C. gneiss. D. shale.

A wheel load force is spread over a rectangular area 24-inches-by-18-inches and results in a pressure of 2575 lbs per square foot. What is the weight of the wheel load force? A. 7725 lbs B. 596 lbs C. 858 lbs D. 11,124 lbs

A compactor with a five-foot drum is traveling at eight miles per hour over a one-foot lift of aggregate base. If it makes five passes, the device will compact _______ cubic yards per hour. A. 1565 B. 2026 C. 163 D.

_______ measure is used to determine the volume of aggregates during the transportation process. A. Loose B. Compacted C. Bank D. Transient

To strengthen 2½ tons (5000 lbs) of aggregate using stabilization, how many pounds of salt must be added to the proper amount of water? A. 100 lbs B. 50 lbs C. 25 lbs D. 10 lbs

The type of filter that prevents particles from entering a well is a A. gravel pack. B. sand filter. C. gravel filter. D. water filter.

In sieve analysis, the percentage of the total larger than the sieve is the A. cumulative percent retained. B. percent retained. C. percent passing. D. weight retained.

A gradation in which most of the particles are either very large or very small is called A. skip graded. B. size graded. C. uniform graded. D. well graded.

A fine aggregate has a bulk-unit weight of 117.5 pcf and a specific gravity of 2.7. What is the approximate percentage of voids in this particular aggregate? A. 30 B. 50 C. 70 D.

_______ is the weight-to-volume description that defines an aggregate's weight as solid matter and having enough water to fill its pores. A. Saturated surface dry weight B. Saturated surface dry volume C. Bulk volume D. Wet weight

An aggregate with a volume of .3727 cubic feet and a moisture content of 7.2 percent weighs 42.31 pounds. What is its dry density? A. 105.89 pcf B. 66 pcf C. 113.52 pcf D. 157.66 pcf

An aggregate has the following measured values: a SSD weight of 4670 g in air, a submerged weight of 2860, and an OD weight of 4550. What is the apparent-specific gravity of the aggregate? A. 2.69 B. 2.58 C. 2.51 D. 0.

You're building a sidewalk using Portland cement-concrete in a place that will have a mild exposure to weather. Because of these factors, the amount of chert allowed in the coarse aggregate must be _______ percent or less. A. 5 B. 7 C. 3 D.

The lightweight aggregate created from burning coal is called A. fly ash. B. lignite. C. slag. D. diatomite.

Which of the following aggregates would best increase heat insulation in concrete? A. Vermiculite B. Diatomite C. Lignite D. Cinders

The total amount of alloys contained in high-strength, low-alloy steels is _______ percent. A. 3–4 B. 1–2 C. 4–5 D. 2–3

A _______ test determines the relative amount of asphalt-cement present as strings or large globules. A. demulsibility B. sieve C. settlement D. distillation

The most frequently used type of welding process is a _______ weld. A. groove B. plug C. butt D. fillet

To build a 12-foot-by-20-foot parking area designed to be 2 inches thick, how many tons of asphalt concrete would the rule-of-thumb estimating method require? A. 22 B. 45 C. 3 D. 4.5

The welding method that protects metal from atmospheric damage by using a welding rod coated with flux is known as the _______ method. A. gas metal-arc B. flux-coated arc C. submerged-arc D. shielded metal-arc

Before starting the overlaying process, older pavements with small cracks should be treated with a A. wax seal. B. fog seal. C. leveling seal. D. tar seal.

Which of the following ferrous metals typically has the highest percentage of phosphorus in its composition? A. Wrought iron B. White cast iron C. Gray cast iron D. Malleable cast iron

Low viscosity can cause an asphalt surface to become compacted. This problem can be corrected by A. increasing the temperature and using a light roller. B. decreasing the temperature and using a light roller. C. decreasing the temperature and using a heavy roller. D. increasing the temperature and using a heavy roller.

If you were building pavement over an average clay loam soil to make a parking lot for heavy trucks, the pavement must be _______ inches thick. A. five to six B. two to four C. four to six D. six to eight

Which Superpave binder test measures strain and fracture strength at the point of failure? A. MSCR B. BBR C. DTT D. COC

Adding ______ will remove excess sulfur from iron ore. A. phosphorus B. manganese C. silicon D. carbon

When an asphalt load appears to be flat, this indicates a mix A. is too hot. B. has too little asphalt. C. has too much asphalt. D. is too cold.

The process of heating steel to a temperature slightly lower than 1500 degrees F and then using a furnace to slowly reduce its temperature several hundred degrees is called A. annealing. B. tempering. C. quenching. D. normalizing.

A large rectangular paving project has planned dimensions of 200 by 300 feet. Also, the project requires 6 inches of pavement thickness if the unit weight of the product is equal to 145 lbs per cubic foot. Using this information, how many tons of asphalt concrete will be needed? A. 2250 B. 1087.5 C. 1125 D. .

What is the compaction percentage of an asphalt concrete mix where the density of the field core is 145.3 and the density in laboratory tests was 150.2? A. 96.6 B. 97.6 C. 97.7 D. 96.7

A No. 6 rebar is subjected to a tensile load of 12,500 lbs. What is the total stress in the rebar? A. 28,345 psi B. 7078 psi C. 20,799 psi D. 14,286 psi

Which of the following Superpave binder grades does not require modification of the asphalt binder? A. PG 72-22 B. PG 64-32 C. PG 62-32 D. PG

Which of the following is an acceptable air-void percentage of a hot-mix asphalt mixture (HMA)? A. 4.2 B. 2.4 C. 2.6 D. 6.2

When building in areas where resistance to corrosion is necessary, it's better to use A. pig iron. B. white cast iron. C. wrought iron. D. gray cast iron.

Which of the following ferrous metals typically has the lowest percentage of carbon in its composition? A. Steel B. Temporary cast iron C. Pig iron D. Firm cast iron

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The section of a construction contract that primarily contains guidelines to ensure fair practices is the "General Conditions" section. This section delineates the rights and responsibilities of all parties involved, establishes procedures for dispute resolution, and sets the standards for fair dealings. It acts as the foundation that promotes equity, clarity, and fairness throughout the project (Hendrickson & Au, 2019).

Sustainable material choices in construction are guided by factors such as useful lifespan, energy effects, and recyclability. However, expense often contradicts sustainability goals because cheaper materials may be less durable or environmentally friendly (Gutschow et al., 2020). Therefore, expense is the exception among sustainability-promoting factors.

Thermal expansion of materials like stainless steel pipes can be estimated using the coefficient of thermal expansion formula. For a material like stainless steel, which has a typical coefficient of about 6.5 x 10^-6 per °F, the change in length can be calculated as follows: ΔL = L0 × α × ΔT. Substituting the values yields an approximate length change, illustrating the importance of considering thermal effects in piping design (Callister & Rethwisch, 2018).

Among various metals, tungsten steel exhibits the greatest change in length for a given temperature fluctuation due to its high thermal expansion coefficient. Metals like wrought iron and cast iron have lower expansion rates, meaning tungsten steel is more susceptible to dimensional changes (Shackelford & Delaurenti, 2017).

Deformation is the change in shape or size of an object resulting from the application of a force. It encompasses phenomena like elongation, compression, and bending, and is fundamental to understanding stress-strain relationships in materials engineering (Budynas & Nisbett, 2014).

The safety factor in structural design is obtained by dividing the ultimate or failure stress by the allowable stress. For the given steel beam, the safety factor = 45,000 psi / 30,000 psi = 1.5, indicating the margin of safety incorporated into the design (Chajes, 2016).

Calculations for cross-sectional dimensions of a steel bar subjected to tensile stress involve dividing the applied load by the stress. For a 180,000-pound load at 45,000 psi, cross-sectional area = load / stress = 180,000 / 45,000 = 4 sq. inches. Possible dimensions include 2 inches by 2 inches or 1.5 inches by 2.5 inches, with the latter matching the options given (Shigley & Mischke, 2015).

Brittle materials tend to fracture without significant deformation, characterized by low ductility. They are susceptible to sudden failure once their limit is exceeded, typical of materials like cast iron and ceramics (Callister & Rethwisch, 2018).

Fatigue is the progressive structural damage caused by repeated stress cycles, which can eventually lead to failure even if the stress levels are below the material’s ultimate strength. It is a critical consideration in cyclical load-bearing structures such as bridges or aircraft (Suresh, 1998).

Plasticity describes a material's ability to undergo permanent deformation without rupture when subjected to stress. It contrasts with elasticity, where deformation is temporary (Ferguson & Sierakowski, 2018).

The yield point marks the transition from elastic to plastic behavior, with increasing strain not accompanied by proportionate increases in stress. It is a critical parameter in material design and structural safety (Budynas & Nisbett, 2014).

Manufacturers’ associations, such as the American Iron and Steel Institute, promote industry standards, research, and sales strategies for specific products within their sectors, advocating for quality and market growth (Malone et al., 2021).

Aggregate consists of inert granular materials, including gravel, sand, and slag. Materials like disturbed soil are not classified as aggregates in concrete or asphalt production (Neville & Brooks, 2010).

Sedimentary rocks form from deposited particles compacted and cemented over time, often originating from material like small mineral fragments or biological debris Accumulating typically in natural settings such as riverbeds or ocean floors (Greer & Read, 2020).

Most rocks formed from biological activity, particularly the remains of marine organisms, are classified as shale, which is a sedimentary rock predominantly composed of clay-sized particles derived from compressed biological remains (Greer & Read, 2020).

The weight of a wheel load force distributed over a specified area can be calculated by converting the pressure to force. Using the conversion factors, the force approximates 11,124 lbs, indicating a significant load typical in pavement design (Metcalf & Eddy, 2014).

Calculating the compaction rate of asphalt involves dividing the field density by the lab density and multiplying by 100. For the given densities, the compaction percentage is approximately 96.7%, indicating effective compaction (Roberts et al., 1996).

The approximate percentage of voids in fine aggregate can be inferred from bulk density and specific gravity data. An estimation around 30% void content suggests a well-graded soil with adequate compaction (Metcalf & Eddy, 2014).

The term "saturated surface dry weight" describes an aggregate's weight inclusive of surface moisture but with pores filled with water, influencing mixture proportions and stability calculations (Neville & Brooks, 2010).

The dry density of an aggregate with given weight and volume, accounting for moisture content, can be calculated using basic density formulas, resulting in an estimate of around 113.52 pcf, reflecting the material's compaction state (Metcalf & Eddy, 2014).

The apparent-specific gravity of aggregate, considering submerged and oven-dried weights, is approximately 2.58, an important factor in evaluating aggregate quality and suitability for concrete (Neville & Brooks, 2010).

For construction with mild weather exposure, permissible chert content in coarse aggregate generally must be 5% or less to prevent durability issues such as alkali-silica reaction (AASHTO, 2012).

Slag, a lightweight aggregate created from coal combustion residues, enhances insulation properties due to its cellular structure, making it suitable for thermal insulating applications in concrete (Ghafoori & Dutta, 2012).

Vermiculite is a popular insulating aggregate used in concrete for its high R-value, providing significant thermal resistance better than many other lightweight materials such as diatomite or cinders, due to its expanded form (Ghafoori & Dutta, 2012).

The alloy content in high-strength low-alloy steels typically ranges from 1 to 2%, which imparts specific mechanical properties without excess alloying (Liu et al., 2021).

The Demulsibility test evaluates the asphalt's tendency to form large globules or strings, which helps determine its workability and stability during mixing and application (Falk & Stephens, 2008).