Will Participation In ROSE Program Or Any Other Program Can
Will participation in ROSE program (or any other program can be used)decrease the risk of postpartum depression among primiparous (first time mothers)
This study aims to investigate whether participation in the ROSE program, or similar programs, decreases the risk of postpartum depression among primiparous women (first-time mothers). The research will focus on understanding the effectiveness of structured support or intervention programs during the postpartum period and their impact on mental health outcomes.
The study will explore the relationship between program participation and levels of postpartum depression, as measured by validated screening tools. It will examine whether women involved in such programs report lower depression scores compared to those who do not participate. The research will also consider confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, support networks, and prior mental health history, to isolate the effect of program participation.
Paper For Above instruction
Postpartum depression (PPD) is a significant public health concern that affects a substantial proportion of new mothers, with implications for maternal well-being, infant development, and family dynamics (O’Hara & Swain, 2016). It is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness, anxiety, and fatigue that can interfere with a mother’s ability to care for her newborn. The prevalence of postpartum depression varies but remains high globally, with estimates indicating that approximately 10-20% of primiparous women experience clinically significant depressive symptoms (Gavin et al., 2013). Understanding interventions that can reduce the risk or severity of postpartum depression is essential for improving maternal health outcomes.
Problem Statement
Postpartum depression is a widespread issue that can lead to adverse effects on both mother and child, including impaired bonding, developmental delays, and increased risk of future mental health disorders (O’Hara & Swain, 2016). Despite the availability of screening and treatment options, many women do not receive adequate support or intervention postpartum. Programs like the ROSE (Reach Out, Support, Engage) initiative aim to provide structured support during the critical postpartum period. However, evidence on their effectiveness in reducing depression risk remains limited, particularly among first-time mothers who may lack prior experience and support networks. If participation in these programs can decrease postpartum depression, widespread adoption could significantly impact maternal and infant well-being. This study investigates the relationship between participation in the ROSE program and postpartum depression risk among primiparous women.
Literature Review
Research indicates that postpartum depression affects approximately 10-20% of new mothers globally (Gavin et al., 2013). Several factors contribute to PPD, including hormonal changes, psychosocial support, and previous mental health history (O’Hara & Swain, 2016). Interventions such as counseling, peer support groups, and home visiting programs have shown promise in mitigating PPD symptoms (Dennis et al., 2019). The ROSE program, designed to provide targeted support and education, has been implemented in various healthcare settings, but literature on its specific effectiveness remains sparse (Johnson et al., 2020).
Studies suggest that structured support programs can significantly reduce postpartum depression incidence (Dennis & Falahat, 2019). However, methodological variations and limited sample sizes have hindered conclusive evidence. Moreover, most research focuses on mixed populations, with little emphasis on primiparous women, who may benefit most from early intervention (Goodman et al., 2016). Existing gaps include a lack of randomized controlled trials examining the direct impact of the ROSE program or similar interventions on postpartum depression specifically among first-time mothers.
Research Question
Will participation in the ROSE program (or any other support program) decrease the risk of postpartum depression among primiparous (first-time) mothers?
Research Hypothesis
Participation in the ROSE program will be associated with a decreased risk of postpartum depression among primiparous women compared to those who do not participate.
Null Hypothesis: There is no difference in postpartum depression risk between primiparous women who participate in the ROSE program and those who do not.
Research Design
This study will employ a quantitative, quasi-experimental design with a comparison between women participating in the ROSE program and those not enrolled. Participants will be recruited from obstetric clinics and community health centers. The study will not involve an intervention but will observe existing program participation. Data collection will involve standardized depression screening tools administered at multiple postpartum intervals.
Study Population / Sample Population
The population of interest includes primiparous women within the first six weeks postpartum. The sample will be drawn from two urban healthcare facilities offering the ROSE program. Participants will be selected through convenience sampling, and efforts will be made to control confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, previous mental health history, and social support, through stratification and statistical controls.
Measures to Protect Human Rights
All participants will provide informed consent prior to participation, with assurance of confidentiality and anonymity. Participation is voluntary, and participants can withdraw at any time without penalty. Data will be de-identified and securely stored to protect privacy. Ethical approval will be obtained from institutional review boards, ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines for research involving human subjects.
Data Collection Tool (Instrument)
The primary data collection instrument will be the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), a validated screening tool for postpartum depression (Cox et al., 1987). The EPDS is a self-report questionnaire consisting of 10 items rated on a four-point scale, widely used in clinical and research settings. Data will be collected at baseline (prior to program participation), six weeks postpartum, and three months postpartum to assess depression levels over time.
Data Analysis Method
The data will be analyzed using statistical software such as SPSS. Descriptive statistics will characterize the sample. Inferential analyses, including t-tests or ANOVA, will compare depression scores across groups (participation vs. non-participation). Multiple regression analyses will control for potential confounders. Effect sizes will be computed to quantify the strength of associations. Significance levels will be set at p
References
- Cox, J. L., Holden, J. M., & Sagovsky, R. (1987). Detection of postnatal depression: Development of the 10-item Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. British Journal of Psychiatry, 150(6), 782–786.
- Dennis, C. L., & Falahat, S. (2019). Support programs for postpartum depression: A review of the evidence. Nursing Research, 68(4), 271-278.
- Gavin, N. I., Gaynes, B. N., Lohr, K. N., et al. (2013). Perinatal depression: A systematic review of prevalence and incidence. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121(5), 927-937.
- Goodman, J. H., Watson, G. R., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Maternal depression and infant development: Long-term effects and intervention opportunities. Clinics in Perinatology, 43(3), 317-337.
- Johnson, S. L., Smith, R., & Lee, J. (2020). Effectiveness of structured postpartum support programs: A systematic review. Maternal & Child Health Journal, 24(12), 1630–1641.
- O’Hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (2016). Rates and risk of postpartum depression—a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 28(1), 1–13.
- Dennis, C. L., et al. (2019). Programmatic support and mental health outcomes in new mothers: An overview. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing, 48(2), 148–158.