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What is Cybercrime? What are the functions of the European Cybercrime Centre? What is cybercrime-as-a-service, and how can it be combated? What Government department is responsible for monitoring and reporting on cybercrime in Australia? List and describe the current eCommerce Security issues.

Is it possible to have a 100% guaranteed secure eCommerce system? (justify you answer) To identify a targeted level of security what might you consider and why? List and describe the six key dimensions to e-commerce security. Discuss the issues and tensions related to implementing very high security mechanisms on an eCommerce site and social values? What are the key point of vulnerability in the physical and software eCommerce environment? List and describe the most common and damaging forms of security threats to eCommerce consumers and site operators?

Describe encryption. Describe SSL/TLS. What is a VPN and how does it work? How might you protect networks? Do operating system have features to help with security (discuss)?

The development and implementation of a security plan will be paramount to the security of your eCommerce site, describe the major feature of a security plan and its implementation? Search the Web and see if you can identify Australian Laws that might help the tracking and policing of eCommerce criminals (explain what you have found)? List and describe the most common forms of eCommerce payment systems? List the five parties involved in an online credit card purchase. Describe how you might go about setting your eCommerce site up to accept Credit card purchases.

Describe how an online credit card transaction works. Discuss the difference between Digital Cash and Virtual Currency. What is a business model and how is it used to guide a business to success? Describe and discuss the key elements of a business model? How does a business plan relate to a business model?

Why is capital so important to a start-up? List as many sources of capital as you can? Why is crowdfunding problematic to and what is changing to improve the situation? List and describe the main B2C eCommerce Business Models? Discuss how revenue models relate to the business model. List and describe the main B2C eCommerce Business Models?

Describe what a Private Network is. Can eCommerce change industry structures and if so how? What is a Value Chain? What is a Value Chain Analysis and how is it used to inform Management? What are Firm Value Webs and how can they improve value chain efficiency? What are business strategies and how are they used to promote success?

Describe and discuss the five generic strategies that might be used to realise profit? What are Disruptive Technologies and what are the four general stages of the disruption process? Discuss the growth rates of eCommerce consumer relative to different regions and stages of development. Discuss the usage statistics for different demographics groups and why it is important to know. Do any of your potential customers NOT use broadband, if so why is this important to your marketing?

Is price the only thing you might consider when marketing your product or service (discuss)? Why is it important to understand the Five stages in the consumer decision making process? Do online marketing activities have anything to do with offline sales (discuss)? Are “Big Ticket” items often bought online (discuss)? Describe eCommerce shoppers and why their habits might be important.

Describe and discuss the two most important customer factors in generating online sales? What are the key difference between online and offline marketing techniques? Discuss multi-channel marketing and its importance. Which part of your marketing plan should you focus on first? What should the firms Web site be used for?

Describe and discuss some important marketing and advertising tools you might use to attract eCommerce customers. What are the pros and cons of email marketing and how might you go about conducting an email campaign? Describe Affiliate, Viral and Lead generating marketing. What is social marketing and why do you think it is so effective? Is multi-channel marketing effective, support your argument?

Is customer retention important and why? Do all customer’s want the cheapest price (discuss)? Describe the demand curve and why it is important. How do web transaction logs, cookies and databases relate to eCommerce marketing? What is Big Data and what are some of its advantages and disadvantages?

You have just launched an online marketing campaign, how might you go about measuring its success? Discuss CPC and CPA.

Paper For Above instruction

Cybercrime has become an increasingly prevalent threat in the digital age, posing significant challenges to individuals, organizations, and governments worldwide. It encompasses illegal activities conducted via the internet or digital devices, including hacking, identity theft, cyber espionage, and the proliferation of cybercrime-as-a-service. The European Cybercrime Centre (EC3), established within Europol, plays a vital role in coordinating efforts among member states to combat cybercrime through intelligence sharing, operational support, and strategic analysis. Cybercrime-as-a-service exemplifies the commodification of illegal cyber activities, where cybercriminals offer malicious services such as botnets, phishing kits, and malware for sale on illicit marketplaces. Combating this trend requires international cooperation, robust law enforcement, and advanced cybersecurity measures.

In Australia, the Australian Cyber Security Centre (ACSC) under the Department of Home Affairs is responsible for monitoring, analyzing, and providing reports on cyber threats. Current eCommerce security issues include data breaches, payment fraud, malware attacks, phishing scams, and vulnerabilities in online transaction systems. Achieving 100% security in eCommerce is virtually impossible due to evolving cyber threats and complex system vulnerabilities; instead, organizations should aim for appropriate, risk-based security levels considering confidentiality, integrity, availability, accountability, non-repudiation, and privacy—the six key dimensions of eCommerce security.

High security mechanisms can create tension with social values like privacy and user convenience. For example, multi-factor authentication and extensive encryption enhance security but may reduce ease of access for users. Physical vulnerabilities include theft of hardware and physical access to servers, while software vulnerabilities involve outdated software, weak passwords, and poor coding practices. Common cyber threats to consumers and site operators include phishing attacks, ransomware, DDoS attacks, SQL injection, and man-in-the-middle attacks. Protecting networks involves encryption protocols like SSL/TLS, use of VPNs, firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and updated operating systems with security features such as Windows Defender or macOS security controls.

A comprehensive security plan must include risk assessment, security policies, technical controls, incident response protocols, and ongoing training. Australian laws like the Privacy Act 1988, the Cybercrime Act 2001, and the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Act 1979 facilitate the tracking and policing of cybercriminal activities. Common eCommerce payment systems include credit/debit cards, digital wallets (e.g., PayPal, Apple Pay), bank transfers, and alternative currencies like cryptocurrencies. The five parties involved in online credit card transactions are the customer, the merchant, the payment gateway, the payment processor, and the issuing bank. Setup entails acquiring SSL certificates, selecting secure payment gateways, and ensuring PCI DSS compliance.

An online credit card transaction involves secure data exchange between the customer’s device and the merchant’s server, authenticated via encryption protocols. Digital Cash refers to digital tokens used within specific platforms, while Virtual Currency, such as Bitcoin, operates independently of centralized authorities. A business model fundamentally guides a company's strategy for creating and delivering value; key elements include value proposition, target market, revenue streams, and cost structure. The business plan builds upon this, detailing operational and financial strategies to achieve business objectives.

Capital is vital for startup growth, funding operations, and scaling; sources include personal savings, angel investors, venture capitalists, bank loans, and crowdfunding platforms. Crowdfunding's challenges include regulatory issues, low success rates, and potential impact on brand reputation, but improvements in platform regulation and community engagement are mitigating these problems. Main B2C eCommerce business models include merchant, agency, manufacturer-direct, franchise, and affiliate models, with revenue models such as transaction fees, subscriptions, advertising, and markup margins informing overall profitability.

A private network is a closed communication system allowing secure exchange of information among authorized participants, often used in enterprise settings. eCommerce can alter industry structures by enabling disintermediation, creating new value chains, and fostering collaborative ecosystems. The value chain concept involves activities from inbound logistics to after-sales service, which can be optimized through value chain analysis and firm web connections. Business strategies, such as cost leadership, differentiation, niche, expansion, and innovation, help firms achieve competitive advantage.

Disruptive technologies—such as mobile commerce and AI innovations—typically evolve through stages of inception, growth, assimilation, and saturation. Different regions show varying eCommerce growth rates, influenced by infrastructure, consumer behavior, and regulatory environment. Demographics like age, income, and technological familiarity impact eCommerce adoption. Notably, parts of the global population lack broadband—affecting market reach and marketing strategies. Price is a crucial factor, but customer service, convenience, trust, and brand loyalty are equally important in consumer decision-making.

Understanding the five stages—awareness, consideration, purchase, retention, and advocacy—is essential to crafting effective marketing approaches. Online activities can bolster offline sales through integrated campaigns, while large-ticket items—such as appliances or vehicles—are increasingly bought online. eCommerce shoppers value convenience, price comparison, and reviews; their habits inform targeted marketing strategies. Customer factors like personalization and trust influence online sales significantly.

Online and offline marketing differ in channels, with digital marketing offering better targeting, real-time analytics, and cost efficiency. Multi-channel marketing combines online and offline approaches for broader reach. Initial focus should be on building a compelling website, which functions as a sales platform, information hub, and customer engagement tool. Techniques such as search engine optimization, social media advertising, content marketing, and email campaigns attract customers effectively. Email marketing’s pros include personalization and cost-effectiveness, while drawbacks involve spam filters and list fatigue. Affiliate, viral, and lead generation marketing leverage partnerships, shareability, and data collection to expand customer reach.

Social marketing—using social media platforms and influencer collaborations—can dramatically increase brand visibility and trust. Multi-channel marketing enhances customer experience but requires coordination and data integration. Customer retention hinges on satisfaction, personalization, and value; affordability isn't always the only motivator. The demand curve illustrates how price affects quantity demanded, guiding pricing strategies. Web logs, cookies, and customer databases provide insights into shopping behaviors for targeted marketing. Big Data offers advantages like predictive analytics but presents challenges such as privacy concerns and data management complexity.

Measuring campaign success involves tracking key performance indicators such as click-through rate (CTR), cost-per-click (CPC), cost-per-acquisition (CPA), conversion rate, and return on investment (ROI). Effective analysis guides optimization of marketing efforts, ensuring resources are allocated efficiently and objectives are met.

References

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• European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). (2020). Threat Landscape 2020. ENISA Publications.
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• Hassan, S., & Hyland, P. (2018). Digital payment systems: Security challenges and solutions. Journal of Information Security and Applications, 40, 129-140.
• Australian Cyber Security Centre. (2023). Annual Threat Report. ACSC Publications.
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