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Discuss and describe what is meant by a 'victim precipitated homicide'. In doing so, briefly describe and elaborate a bit on how 'situational rage' and/or 'accumulated rage' may be connected to a victim precipitated homicide. Further briefly without using quotes give an overview of this article i.e., Michel, C. (2016). Violent street crime versus harmful white-collar crime: A comparison of perceived seriousness and punitiveness. Note: The essay response given should reflect upper-level undergraduate writing in accordance with current APA standards. The essay response is to include in-text citation(s) in proper APA format. In-text citations are to correspond to a source in proper APA format listed after the essay response.
Paper For Above instruction
A victim precipitated homicide refers to a type of murder where the victim's actions, behavior, or circumstances directly contribute to their own death, often instigating or provoking the offender. This concept challenges traditional notions of passive victims by emphasizing their active role in the escalation of violence. Victim precipitated homicides often involve scenarios where the victim's conduct — such as aggressive provocation, hostility, or behavioral misjudgments — provokes the offender into lethal action (Wolfgang & Ferracuti, 1967). Understanding this form of homicide requires examining the psychological and situational factors that lead victims to influence their own demise.
Within the framework of victim precipitated homicide, the roles of 'situational rage' and 'accumulated rage' play significant parts in understanding the dynamics leading to deadly outcomes. Situational rage refers to intense anger triggered by specific events or immediate provocations, often resulting in impulsive violence. For example, a heated argument may quickly escalate to physical violence if either participant experiences sudden, uncontrollable anger. This form of rage is usually transient but potent enough to provoke a victim into threatening or harmful actions that may inadvertently lead to their own death.
On the other hand, accumulated rage involves a build-up of long-standing frustrations, resentments, or grievances that culminate in a violent act. In cases of victim precipitated homicide, victims carrying unresolved anger may react explosively during minor provocations, leading to a tragic chain of events. The accumulation of negative emotions over time can diminish perceived consequences of violent responses, making lethal outcomes more likely when provoked. Both situational and accumulated rage highlight the emotional underpinnings that often precipitate violence in interpersonal conflicts, ultimately culminating in homicide where the victim's own rage factors contribute directly or indirectly to their demise (Johnson, 2007).
Concerning Michel's (2016) article, it offers a comparative analysis of perceptions regarding the seriousness and punitiveness of street crime versus white-collar crime. Michel argues that societal attitudes tend to impose harsher judgments on street crimes, seen as more dangerous and deserving of severe punishment, whereas white-collar crimes are often perceived as less harmful despite their significant economic and social consequences. The article critiques these perceptions, suggesting that they influence criminal justice responses and policies. Michel emphasizes the importance of understanding public perceptions in shaping fair and effective criminal justice strategies.
In summary, victim precipitated homicide involves scenarios where the victim's actions contribute to their death, often driven by intense emotional states such as rage. Situational rage can cause impulsive violence in the heat of the moment, while accumulated rage builds over time, increasing the likelihood of lethal reactions upon provocation. Michel's (2016) study adds a broader societal context by comparing how different types of crime are perceived in terms of severity and punishment, highlighting the complex interplay between public perception, criminal behavior, and justice.
References
- Johnson, R. (2007). The role of emotional factors in homicide: A review. Criminal Justice Review, 32(3), 215-232.
- Michel, C. (2016). Violent street crime versus harmful white-collar crime: A comparison of perceived seriousness and punitiveness. Critical Criminology, 24(1), 65-84.
- Wolfgang, M. E., & Ferracuti, F. (1967). The subculture of violence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.