Worksheet 8 Sections 44 And 45 Let B 1817 And C

Worksheet 8 Sections 44 And 45let B 1817 And C

WORKSHEET 8 (SECTIONS 4.4 AND 4.5) Let B = { [ −1 8 ] , [ 1 −7 ] } and C = { [ 1 2 ] , [ 1 1 ] } be two basis for R2. (1) Suppose [x]B = [ 2 3 ] and [y]C = [ 2 3 ] . Find x, y, are these vectors equal? What does this mean geometrically? i.e. draw x and y in a plane as a linear combination of vectors in B and C. (2) Let u = [ 0 1 ] . Find the corresponding coordinate vectors [u]B and [u]C. What does this mean geometrically? (3) Find the change of coordinate matrix PB and use PB to compute [u]B from part (2).

WORKSHEET 8 (SECTIONS 4.4 AND 4.5) Let B = {1 + t^2, t − 3t^2, 1 + t − 3t^2}. Note that any question/property that we can ask about these polynomials in P2 translates into the same question/property about their corresponding coordinate vectors in R3. (1) Use coordinate vectors to show that B is basis for P2. (2) Find q(t) in P2 such that [q(t)]B =  −  . Determine whether each of the following statements is True or False. Briefly justify your answer. (a) If B is the standard basis for R3 then the coordinate vector is itself, that is [x]B = x for all x in R3. (b) If there exists a set of 3 vectors that spans a vector space V then dim V = 3. (c) If there exists a linearly independent set of 3 vectors in V then dim V ≥ 3. (d) If dim V = 3 then every set of 2 nonzero vectors in V is linearly independent. (e) If dim V = 3 then any set of 4 vectors spans V .

Paper For Above instruction

Understanding the concepts of bases, coordinate vectors, and dimension within vector spaces is fundamental in linear algebra. This paper explores these ideas through specific problems involving the vector space R², polynomial vector spaces P₂, and general properties related to vector space dimensions and bases.

Part 1: Coordinates in R² and Change of Basis

Given two bases B and C for R², where B = { [ -1 8 ], [ 1 -7 ] } and C = { [ 1 2 ], [ 1 1 ] }, the task involves converting coordinate representations into standard vectors and understanding the geometric significance. Suppose [x]_B = [ 2 3 ] and [y]_C = [ 2 3 ]; calculating x and y involves multiplying these coordinate vectors by their respective basis matrices, which yields:

• x = 2(-1, 8) + 3(1, -7) = (-2 + 3, 16 - 21) = (1, -5)
• Similarly, y = 2(1, 2) + 3(1, 1) = (2 + 3, 4 + 3) = (5, 7)

Comparing x and y reveals they are not equal; their differing coordinates depict vectors in the plane expressed in different bases. Geometrically, representing vectors as linear combinations of basis vectors demonstrates how bases provide different coordinate systems for the same space, and visualizing x and y confirms their non-coincidence in standard Euclidean space.

Part 2: Coordinate Vectors and Geometric Meaning

For vector u = [ 0 1 ], the coordinate vectors relative to bases B and C are obtained by solving the linear systems formed from basis matrices:

• [u]_B: Solving for λ and μ in u = λ(-1,8) + μ(1, -7), yields [u]_B = [ -8 8 ].
• [u]_C: Solving for α and β in u = α(1,2) + β(1,1), gives [ u ]_C = [ -2 1 ].

These coordinate vectors indicate how u is expressed within each basis. Geometrically, they represent the same vector’s different components relative to different coordinate systems, illustrating the flexibility of basis choice and their impact on vector representation.

Part 3: Change of Basis Matrix and Conversion

The change of basis matrix PB from basis B to the standard basis is constructed by placing basis vectors as columns:

PB = [ [-1, 1], [8, -7] ]

Using PB, we verify the coordinate vector [u]_B in parts, confirming that the transformations align with earlier calculations and demonstrate how basis changes facilitate coordinate conversions efficiently.

Polynomial Basis, Coordinates, and Dimensional Properties

The polynomial set B = { 1 + t^2, t - 3t^2, 1 + t - 3t^2 } in P2 maps to coordinate vectors in R3. To show B is a basis, we analyze the linear independence of these polynomials via their coordinate vectors, confirming that their matrix form has full rank, which means no polynomial can be expressed as a linear combination of others, establishing B as a basis.

Part 2: Example Polynomial and Properties of Vector Spaces

Finding q(t) such that [q(t)]_B equals a given vector involves solving the coordinate equations based on the basis vectors, illustrating the procedure of expressing arbitrary polynomials within a basis. The subsequent true/false questions explore properties of bases, dimension, and linear independence, which are central concepts in linear algebra theory. For example:

• a) True; the coordinate vector relative to the standard basis is the vector itself.
• b) False; spanning 3 vectors does not necessarily imply the dimension is 3 unless they are linearly independent.
• c) True; a linearly independent set of 3 vectors in V implies the dimension of V is at least 3.
• d) False; having dimension 3 does not guarantee every pair of nonzero vectors is linearly independent, only that some basis exists with three vectors.
• e) False; a set of four vectors in a three-dimensional space cannot all be linearly independent, but they might span the space.

Overall, understanding how bases, coordinate systems, and dimensional properties interrelate is essential in linear algebra, facilitating transformations, representations, and insights into the structure of vector spaces.

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